Black Box
You never see them, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you're going,how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to resist almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic (漫畫)  book.They're known as the black box.
When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to the Comoros Islands in the Indian Ocean on June 30, 2009, the black box is the best method for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine(潛水艇)  discovered its homing signal five days later, it marked a huge step toward determining the cause of the disaster in which 152 passengers were killed.
In 1958. Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first model for a black box, which became a requirement on all US commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to resist crashes, however, so in 1965 it was completely redesigned. That same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to be easier to see.
Modem airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help experts reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. The boxes can resist powerful force and temperatures up t0 2,OOOoF. They're also able to send out signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447 ,  which crashed near Brazil on June 1 , 2009 ,  are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.
小題1:What can we leam about the black box from the passage?
A．It helps an airplane function normally.
B．Its ability to avoid disasters is amazing.
C．It is necessary equipment on an airplane.
D．The idea for its design comes from a comic book.
小題2:From the black box on the Yemeni airliner we can get information about _____.
A．the scene of the crash and the damage
B．data for analyzing the cause of the crash
C．the total number of passengers on board
D．homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash
小題3:The Federal Aviation Authority required the black boxes be painted orange or yellow to
A．make them easily identified
B．meet the international standards
C．caution people to handle them with care
D．distinguish them from the color of the plane
小題4:What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?
A．They have stopped sending homing signals.
B．They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.
C．There is an urgent need for them to be restructured.
D．There is still a good chance of their being recovered.

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:D

試題分析：文章介紹黑匣子在飛機(jī)上是必不可少的，它的用途是可以在飛機(jī)出事后用來分析事故發(fā)生的原因。
小題1:推理題：從第一段的句子：You never see them, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you're going,how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally.可知黑匣子是飛機(jī)上不可缺少的部分，選C
小題2:推理題：從第二段的句子：When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to the Comoros Islands in the Indian Ocean on June 30, 2009, the black box is the best method for identifying what went wrong. 可知黑盒子可以用來分析事故的原因，選B
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第三段的句子：That same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to be easier to see.可知把黑盒子涂成橘色或黃色是為了容易識(shí)別。選A
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)題：從最后一段的句子：Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447 ,  which crashed near Brazil on June 1 , 2009 ,  are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. 可知Air France Flight 447的黑匣子有可能找到，選D
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Getting kids to share their toys is a never-ending battle, and forcing them to do so never seems to help. New research suggests that allowing children to make a choice to sacrifice their own toys in order to share with someone else makes them share more in the future. The new findings are published in Psychological Science.
These experiments were conducted by psychological scientists, Nadia Chernyak and Tamar Kushnir of Cornell University. They found that sharing things with others when they are given a difficult choice leads children to think of themselves as people who like to share. It also makes them more likely to act in a pro-social （親社會(huì)的）manner in the future.
Previous research has explained why rewarding children for sharing can backfire. Children come to think of themselves as people who don't like to share since they had to be rewarded for doing so. Because they don't view themselves as "sharers", they are less likely to share in the future.
Chernyak and Kushnir were interested in finding out whether freely chosen sacrifice might have the opposite effect on kids' willingness to share. To test this, the researchers introduced five-year-old children to Doggie, a sad puppet. Some of the children were given a difficult choice: Share a precious sticker（貼紙） with Doggie, or keep it for themselves. Other children were given an easy choice between sharing and putting the sticker away, while children in a third group were required by the researcher to share.
Later on, all the children were introduced to Ellie, another sad puppet. They were given the option of how many stickers to share (up to three). The kids who earlier made the difficult choice to help Doggie shared more stickers with Ellie. The children who were initially faced with an easy choice or who were required to give their sticker to Doggie, on the other hand, shared fewer stickers with Ellie. Therefore, children did not benefit from simply giving something up, but rather from willingly choosing to give something up of value.
“You might imagine that making difficult, costly choices is demanding for young children or even that once children share, they don’t feel the need to do so again,” Chernyak says. “But this wasn't the case: once children made a difficult decision to give up something for someone else, they were more generous, not less, later on.” Chernyak concludes.
小題1:_______ helps children to share more in the future.
A．Rewarding children for sharing
B．Forcing children to share
C．Allowing children to share precious things willingly
D．Allowing children to share what they don’t need
小題2:The underlined word “backfire” means _______.
A．have an opposite effectB．serve as a push
C．cause angerD．a(chǎn)void taking things back
小題3:Those who were required to share give fewer stickers to Ellie because _______.
A．they regret what they didB．it’s not their own choice
C．Ellie is not as sad as DoggieD．they like to share with a real person
小題4:We can conclude from the passage that _______.
A．parents will never find a way to get children to share toys
B．a(chǎn) gift should be given to make up for children’s sacrifice
C．children pretend to be generous when they are being observed
D．making difficult choices may influence sharing behavior

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Every time you go to the supermarket you come away with your purchases packed in plastic bags. But wouldn’t it be kinder to the environment if you asked for paper bags instead?
The answer is not as easy as it might seem. Environmentalists say there are drawbacks to using both plastic bags and paper bags.
80 percent of groceries in the US are packed in plastic bags and the numbers are becoming huge. Consumers use between 500 billion and 1 trillion plastic bags per year worldwide.
Some experts believe that all these bags harm the environment. Plastic takes hundreds of years to break down and, as it does so, poisonous materials are released into the water and soil.
Further damage is caused if plastic bags enter the sea. For example, endangered sea turtles cannot tell the bags from jellyfish, their main source of food, and often choke on them.
However, this kind of bag does have its advantages.
Paper bags use more energy and create more waste than plastic bags. Plastic bags require 40 percent less energy to produce and cause 70 percent less air pollution. They also release as much as 94 percent less waste into the water than paper ones do.
But paper bags do break down more quickly than plastic bags. They don’t endanger wildlife, either.
So what should we do? One possible solution would be to use biodegradable plastic bags. “Biodegradable” means that the bags break down naturally just like a piece of banana peel when it is left outside.
But until biodegradable technology improves, it might be easier to pack things you buy in reusable cloth bags.
小題1:Compared to paper bags, plastic bags ______.
A．produce 6 percent more waste
B．can be made biodegradable more easily
C．can be used as a source of food
D．save 40 percent of the energy
小題2:By saying “The answer is not as easy as it might seem,” (in paragraph 2) the writer means _____.
A. biodegradable plastic bags can compete with paper
B. paper bags seem to be kind to environment
C. it’s difficult to say whether plastic or paper bags are better for the environment
小題3:What does the author suggest people use at the present time?
A．Paper bagsB．Plastic bags
C．Biodegradable plastic bags.D．Cloth bags.

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Also，the rate of global agricultural production is slowing. Yet it needs to increase 60% over the next 40 years to feed a growing world population.
These are among the findings from the OECDFAO(the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development & the Food and Agriculture Organization)Agricultural Outlook(展望)2012－2021.
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In middle­income countries， people are gaining weight as they eat fewer fruits and vegetables and more of the cheaper but less nutritious foods.
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Angel Gurria，Secretary­General of the OECD，said：“We can feed 9,000,000,000 people by 2050 on this planet. But we have to organize ourselves better.” But there are plenty of challenges.One­fourth of all agricultural land is damaged. Many countries face water shortages(短缺)．And experts believe climate change is driving increasingly unusual weather patterns.
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“In many cases，agriculture is related in people's minds to the poorest. It's related to aid. It's related to very poor living conditions，etc. We have got to shake that image away，”he said.
小題1:Why are people gaining weight in countries with average incomes?
A．They eat more food.B．They eat less nutritious foods.
C．They eat cheaper fruits.D．They eat cheaper vegetables.
小題2:It can be inferred from the text that poorer countries ______.
A．a(chǎn)re damaging a great part of their agricultural land
B．will play a great role in feeding the growing world population
C．a(chǎn)re spending lots of money increasing agricultural production
D．will not be so seriously affected by food prices as rich nations
小題3:What can be done to deal with the slow agricultural production?
A．Improving the growing methods.
B．Finding more agricultural land.
C．Preventing governments' involvement.
D．Improving farmers' living conditions.
小題4:Which of the following might Angel Gurria agree with?
A．Agriculture means difficulty and sadness.
B．Food prices will go down in the near future.
C．It's almost impossible to feed 9,000,000,000 people by 2050.
D．Both rich and poor countries should take agriculture seriously.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Of all the websites, one that has attracted attention recently is myspace.com. Most of this attention has come from the media and tells every reason why the website should be shut down. The danger of internet predators(竊掠者) is indeed a tough reality, but shutting down the site is not the answer. If myspace.com were shut down, another site would quickly take its place. Therefore, the right way is to teach teens how to use the site safely and educate them about who may be predators and how to avoid them.
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Another big problem is photos. I suggest completely skipping photos and never posting a photo of a friend online without asking permission.
Most importantly, never, under any circumstances, agree to a real-life meeting with anyone you meet online. No matter how well you think you know this person, there are no guarantees that they have told the truth. But you could feel free to chat with people you meet on the site, but just remember that not everyone is who they say they are. Hopefully, the next time you edit your profile, you’ll be more informed about the dangers of Internet predators and take the steps to defend yourself.
Lastly, do not send money to anyone you meet online. A common scam among Internet criminals is to request to pay for “expensive Internet charges” or “unreasonable Internet cafe fees”. While it is indeed true that many countries in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America do not yet have Internet service readily available in all cities and towns, a sincere friend from one of these countries will be more than happy to pay their own Internet charges. Never, under any circumstances, should you send money to a stranger from another country(or within your own country for that matter) who claims monetary assistance is required to continue their contact with you.
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A．a(chǎn)ttracting more public attention
B．shutting down the “myspace.com”
C．learning different ways to try other sites
D．recognizing and getting away from them
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B．it is not acceptable to post a photo of a friend online
C．it is not safe to chat with grown-ups on the website
D．only you and your friends can view your personal profile
小題3:What does the underlined word “scam” in the last paragraph mean?
A．A thing that you can have two choices.
B．An unpleasant task that tests one’s ability.
C．A possibility of something happening.
D．An illegal plan for making money.
小題4:What could be the best title of this passage?
A．Personal Safety.B．Web Safety for Teens.
C．Web Hackers in the past.D．Predators’ Tricks.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Five Ways to Rock the Rest of the Semester
With exams around the corner, how can you possibly pack in one more English word, let alone the causes of the Cold War? Don’t worry. Here is our handy guide to help you
Power Down
So you stayed up too late last night reading Mockingjay for the fifth time. Oops! When you’re that fired, your schoolwork suffers. Instead of studying inefficiently while you are sleepy, allow yourself a 15-minute afterschool power nap. Studies show that even a few minutes of shut-eye can improve memory and concentration.
Take Notes
Not quite grasping that super complicated concept in your chemistry class? You may need to change the way you take notes. Instead of recording every word your teacher says, try using visual hints like pictures, symbols and word bubbles. You can even switch computer fonts or pen color for the important stuff.
Dream On
Your bed’s not just for zzz’s. Experts say it may be good to study in bed, too. Why? We’re able to absorb more right before bed because we’re less distracted and the new information stays in our minds as we sleep. So, slide into bed with a textbook or notes, read for 15 minutes, and then turn off the lights for some sweet and smart dreams.
Brain Food
You’re in the middle of a biology exam when your mind goes blank. You knew this stuff cold at home, but now you can’t tell a ribosome from a chloroplast. What’s going on? Your brain’s in need of some refueling. Have some snacks like apple slices or cheese before class, and have plenty of water, too. If your teacher doesn’t mind, pop in a piece of gum during an exam. Some scientists think the chewing increases the flow of oxygen to the brain.
Smart Move
Ugh! You’re taking an English test and you cannot remember the past participle of “understand”. What to do? Skip it. Test taking is all about timing, so don’t waste it on tricky questions. Move ahead and answer everything you know before returning to the ones you don’t. Chances are, once you get back to the toughies, you’ll recall the answer or at the very least, you’ll have a little more time to come up with one that works.
小題1:When taking notes, we can do all these except ______.
A．draw picturesB．change the typefaceC．switch on the computerD．colour the key points
小題2:According to the passage, _____.
A．it’s good to study under the covers for some time every day
B．you cannot skip the difficult questions and go on to the rest
C．you can have some snacks and drink enough water to refresh yourself in exams
D．when taking notes, you should record whatever the teacher says
小題3:What does the underlined phrase “knew this stuff cold” mean?
A．had no clue about itB．were a cold fishC．knew it was coldD．were familiar with
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Another thing an astronaut has to learn about is eating in space．Food is weightless, just as men are．
Food for space has to be packed in special ways．Some of it goes into tubes that a man can squeeze into his mouth．Bite-sized cookies are packed in plastic．
There is a good reason for covering each bite．The plastic keeps pieces of food from traveling in the spaceship．On the earth very small pieces of food would simply fall to the floor．But gravity doesn’t pull them to the floor when they are out of the plastic in a spaceship．They move here and there and can get into a man’s eyes or into the spaceship’s instruments． If any of the instruments is blocked, the astronauts may have trouble getting safely home．
As astronauts travel on longer space trips, they must take time to sleep． An astronaut can fit himself to his seat with a kind of seat belt. Or, if he wants to, he can sleep in a sleeping bag which is fixed in place under his seat．But be careful he must put his hands under the belt when he goes to sleep．This is because he is really afraid that he might touch one of controls that isn’t supposed to be touched until later．
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A．Because small pieces of food would fall down to the floor．
B．Because weightless pieces of food might make trouble when they travel around．
C．Because they haven’t enough food for longer trips．
D．Because astronauts don’t want to waste food．
小題2:In a spaceship, astronauts can ____．
A．walk just as they do on the earth．
B．not eat anything because it’s dangerous．
C．control the spaceship when they are sleeping．
D．not litter small things or it will make trouble．
小題3:Why does an astronaut put his hand under his belt when he sleeps？____
A．Because he thinks it is comfortable to sleep in that way in space．
B．Because he doesn’t want to touch any controls when he sleeps．
C．Because the instruments of the spaceship are easily broken．
D．Because he is afraid that the seat will move．
小題4:The best title of this article is ____．
A．Eating and Sleeping in Space
B．How Astronauts Eat in Space
C．Food for Space
D．How Astronauts Sleep in Space

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault （斷層）, which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?
　　 Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground,  releasing some strong smell chemicals.
　　 The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools (激流和漩渦). Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed in the New Marid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earthquakes are shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were stopped in Washington, D.C.
Scientists now know that America's two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the two masses make a sudden move.
The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some points, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions cause earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.
　　 Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.
小題1:This passage is mainly about ___________.
A．current scientific knowledge about faults
B．the San Andreas and the New Madrid faults
C．the causes of faults 　　　　　　　
D．the New Madrid fault in Missouri
小題2:The New Madrid fault is __________.
A．a(chǎn) vertical fault
B．a(chǎn) horizontal fault
C．a(chǎn) more serious fault than the San Andreas fault
D．responsible for forming the Mississippi River
小題3:This passage implies that _________.　　　　　　.
A．horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults
B．Vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faults
C．The volcanoes that caused the New Madrid fault are still alive
D．A lot of people would die if the 1811 New Madrid earthquakes happened today

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The home computer industry has been growing rapidly in the United States for the last ten years . Computers used to be large, expensive machines that were very difficult to use . But scientists and technicians have been making them smaller and cheaper while at the same time they have been made easier to use. As a result, their popularity has been increasing as more people have been buying computers for their homes and businesses. Computers have been designed to store information and compute problems that are difficult for human beings to work out. Some have voices that speak with the operators. Stores use computers to keep records of their inventories(庫(kù)存貨物) and to send bills to their customers(顧客) . Offices use computers to copy letters, record business and keep in touch with other offices. People have been using computers in their homes to keep track of the money they spend.
One important new use for computers is for entertainment(娛樂). Many new games have been designed to be played on the computers. People of all ages have been playing these games, People also have been buying home computers to play computer games, watch movies and listen to concerts at home. They have become very popular indeed.
小題1: Computers used to _____.
A．work rapidlyB．be large and expensive
C．be easy to useD．be used for fun
小題2: In recent years , computers are being made ______.
A．larger and more expensiveB．smaller and cheaper
C．more difficult to useD．to work more slowly
小題3: Home computers can be used for ______.
A．writing lettersB．playing games
C．doing businessD．a(chǎn)ll of the above
小題4: Salesmen use computers mainly to ______.
A．check the list of goods and materials that are kept in the store house
B．play games for pleasure
C．talk with their friends
D．write letters

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