18．Gallows humor（黑色幽默）seem like a mistake，or at least in poor taste．But psychologists say that gallows humor can be an important way to relieve stress．"Humor makes you feel in control and it can give you that feeling that everything is okay even when it's not，"says James M．Jones，a psychology professor at the University of Delaware．
Psychologists say that just because you're laughing doesn't mean you're wasting time．Occasional teasing among colleagues，particularly if it revolves around things associated with the job，can boost creativity，departmental cohesiveness（凝聚力）and performance．
"There are a lot of stressors out there，"says Ed Dunkelblau，a psychologist with the Institute for Emotionally Intelligent Learning in Chicago．"But gallows humor is a way of making difficult things a little less difficult．"
This is true as long as the humor is used for the right purpose．The main point of it should be inspiring people--not laughing at them．"Anything that would lift morale（士氣）in terms of the company would be good humor，"says Thierry Guedj，a professor of business and psychology at Boston University．"Before you say or do anything，think about，‘How is this helping my employees'morale？'"
You want to give your employees and co-workers a sense of belonging，so don't make observations that are aggressive．Most obviously，Dr Guedj says，don't make comments about people's pysical appearance，or faith．If you have any dubt，it's appropriate，don't go through with it．
Or you can take aim at the one person you know won't be offended（冒犯）：Yourself．"If there's going to be a joke or story，it should be you，"Mr．Dunkelblau says．For example，if you're a marketing manager reviewing a failed campaign that you led，begin with a line like，"The guy who gave permission to this deal might just be looking for work next week．"
"People with the ability to laugh at themselves can give other people permission to laugh at themselves too，"Mr．Jones says．"And if you can laugh at yourself，you feel better about yourself．"
31．According to the text，gallows humor has the following functions EXCEPTD．
A．reducing pressure
B．improving performance
C．making people more creative
D．leading to a big mistake
32．What is Ed Dunkelblau's attitude towards gallows humor？A
A．Positive．B．Negative．C．Neutral．D．Uncertain．
33．Which of the following would Dr．Guedjmost probably agree with？C
A．Gallows humor is the basic source of morale．
B．Gallows humor allows people to laugh at others．
C．Gallows humor may sometimes be used for the wrong purpose．
D．Anything that may lift morale can be called gallows humor．
34．When people use gallows humor，they shouldD．
A．observe who is aggressive
B．show a sense of belonging
C．doubt about the result of humors
D．try to avoi irritating others
35．What can we infer from the text？B
A．People tend to laugh at others rather than themselves．
B．Laughing at ourselves can help relieve the stress of others．
C．People can't avoid offending othes with gallows humor．
D．People who laugh at themselves are hard to be friends with．
分析 文章講述了黑色幽默的作用，是釋放壓力的一種重要方式，適當(dāng)?shù)挠哪梢栽黾訄F(tuán)隊(duì)的凝聚力，也可以減少困難，鼓舞士氣．同時(shí)也講述了要適當(dāng)?shù)氖褂茫绻绞胶蛨?chǎng)合不正確可能會(huì)引起負(fù)面作用．
解答 31．D．細(xì)節(jié)判斷題．psychologists say that gallows humor can be an important way to relieve stress boost creativity，departmental cohesiveness（凝聚力）and performance．心理學(xué)家說黑色幽默是釋放壓力的重要方式，也能夠促進(jìn)創(chuàng)造力，各部門的凝聚力和他們的執(zhí)行力，故答案D不屬于黑色幽默的功能．
32．A．綜合理解題．第一自然段講述了黑色幽默是減少壓力的作用，可以讓你感覺到不好的事情也都一切順利了；第二自然段講述了黑色幽默可以激發(fā)人的創(chuàng)造力，凝聚力和執(zhí)行力等；第三自然段說明可以使困難減少等說明作者對(duì)黑色幽默是肯定的．故答案應(yīng)為A．
33．C．細(xì)節(jié)推理題．You want to give your employees and co-workers a sense of belonging，so don't make observations that are aggressive．Most obviously，Dr Guedj says，don't make comments about people's physical appearance，or faith．本句的意思是：你要給你的員工和同事一種歸屬感，對(duì)人的外貌和失敗不要作評(píng)價(jià)等，因此是在說明黑色幽默要注意目的性和場(chǎng)合．故答案應(yīng)為C．
34．D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．you can take aim at the one person you know won't be offended（冒犯）句意為不要對(duì)任何人有所冒犯，也就是說在黑色幽默時(shí)，不要刺激任何人．故答案應(yīng)為D．
35．B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．People with the ability to laugh at themselves can give other people permission to laugh at themselves too，與if you can laugh at yourself，you feel better about yourself．"意思為：能夠自嘲的人也可以讓其它的人嘲笑他們自己，如果你能夠嘲笑自己，就就對(duì)自己感覺良好．因此自嘲也能夠減少他人的壓力；故選B．
點(diǎn)評(píng) 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．
