4．Established （establish） in 1990，the HSK test was initially meant for those learners who regard Chinese as a second or foreign language．

分析 成立于1990年，HSK考試最初是為那些將漢語作為外語或第二語言的學(xué)習(xí)者準(zhǔn)備的．

解答 答案：Established
此處在句中作時(shí)間狀語，由于動(dòng)詞establish與其邏輯主語the HSK test 構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示的是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作；所以這里應(yīng)使用過去分詞形式，故用Established

點(diǎn)評(píng) 做本題時(shí)，需要了解過去分詞作狀語及其表示被動(dòng)與完成的用法．

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