【題目】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Normally a student must attend a number of courses in order to graduate. In many American universities，the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses，each 【1】 (last) for one semester. When attending a university, a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester and a diploma 【2】 (expect) to be obtained after four years’ academic study. It is possible for a student to move between one university and 【3】 during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.

All this 【4】 (true) imposes constant pressure and a strain of work, but 【5】 this many students still find time for great activities in student affairs. 【6】 (elect) to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The 【7】 (effect) work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students, 【8】 advise the academic authorities. With the enormous numbers of students，the operation of the system does 【9】 (involve) a certain amount of work. It is a commonly 【10】 (hold) belief that students holding one of these positions of authority are much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.

【答案】

【1】lasting

【2】is expected

【3】another

【4】truly

【5】despite

【6】Elections

【7】effective

【8】who

【9】involve

【10】held

【解析】

文章介紹美國大學(xué)的課程設(shè)置，包括文化課程，和學(xué)生會組織，學(xué)生會認(rèn)真對待學(xué)業(yè)，因?yàn)檫@會影響他們的就業(yè)，他們也會參加學(xué)生會的活動，甚至參加學(xué)生會職位的選舉，因?yàn)檫@會讓他們獲得更好的工作。

【1】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在許多美國大學(xué)，一個學(xué)位的全部學(xué)習(xí)包括三十六門課程,每一門課程持續(xù)一個學(xué)期。分析句子可知，each _____1_____ (last) for one semester是獨(dú)立主格，each指代上文提到的“課程”，與last是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，故填lasting。

【2】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：在上大學(xué)時，一個學(xué)生可能會在每個學(xué)期上四五門課程，一張文憑預(yù)期會在四年的學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)后獲得。分析句子可知，expect是謂語動詞，與主語a diploma是被動關(guān)系，描述現(xiàn)在存在的事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填is expected。

【3】考查代詞。句意：學(xué)生在學(xué)位課程期間可以從一所大學(xué)到另一所大學(xué)上課，盡管這實(shí)際上并不是一種常規(guī)。根據(jù)句意，此處表示“另一所大學(xué)”，表示三者或三者以上的“另一個”用another，故填another。

【4】考查副詞。修飾動詞用副詞作狀語，此處修飾imposes，故填truly。

【5】考查介詞。句意：所有這些都給學(xué)習(xí)帶來了持續(xù)的壓力和緊張，但盡管如此，一些學(xué)生仍然有時間參加學(xué)生事務(wù)中一些很好的活動。 根據(jù)句意，此處表示“盡管”，介詞后接this作賓語，故填despite。

【6】考查名詞。句意：學(xué)生組織中的職位選舉喚起了很大的熱情。分析句子可知，空格處用名詞作主語，置句首單詞首字母大寫，根據(jù)句意，用復(fù)數(shù)，故填Elections。

【7】考查形容詞。修飾名詞work，用形容詞作定語，表示“有效的”，用effective。故填effective。

【8】考查定語從句。分析句子可知，____advise the academic authorities是定語從句，先行詞是students，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指人，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用關(guān)系代詞who。故填who。

【9】考查動詞。分析句子可知，句意： 由于學(xué)生人數(shù)眾多，體系的的運(yùn)行確實(shí)涉及一定的工作量。分析句子可知，involve是謂語動詞，does此處表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，后接動詞原形，故填involve。

【10】考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，hold作定語，修飾belief，belief與hold之間是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞作定語，故填held。

定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇可考慮以下三點(diǎn)：

　　(1) 一看先行詞的意義，即分清先行詞是指人、指物、時間、地點(diǎn)還是原因(如指物時不能用who或whom，指人時通常不用which等。

　　(2) 二看關(guān)系詞的句法功能，即分清關(guān)系詞是擔(dān)任什么句子成分，是作主語還是賓語、是作定語還是狀語等(如作定語通常用whose，有時也用which;作狀語要用when, where, why。

(3) 三看定語從句的種類，即分清是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句(如that和why通常不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

例如小題8，先行詞是students，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指人，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用關(guān)系代詞 who。故填who。

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