5．It's a brand new world-a world built around brands．Hard charging，noise making，culture shaping brands are everywhere．They're on supermarket shelves，of course，but also in business plans for dotcom startups and in the names of sports complexes．Brands are infiltrating（滲透）people's everyday lives-by sticking their logos on clothes，in concert programs，on subway station walls，even in elementary school classrooms．
We live in an age in which CBS newscasters wear Nike jackets on the air，in which Burger King and McDonald's open newsstands in elementary-school lunchrooms，in which schools like Stanford University are endowed with a Yahoo!Founders Chair．But as brands reach （and then overreach）into every aspect of our lives，the companies behind them invite more questions，deeper examination-and an inevitable backlash （強(qiáng)烈反應(yīng)） by consumers．
"Our intellectual lives and our public spaces are being taken over by marketing-and that has real implications for citizenship，"says author and activist Naomi Klein．"It's important for any healthy culture to have public space-a place where people are treated as citizens instead of as consumers．We've completely lost that space．"
Since the mid-1980s，as more and more companies have shiftedfrom being about products to being about ideas-Starbucks isn't selling coffee；it's selling community!-those companies have poured more and more resources into marketing campaigns．
To pay for those campaigns，those same companies figured out ways to cut costs else where-for example，by using contract labor at home and low-wage labor in developing countries．Contract laborers are hired on a temporary，per-assignment basis，and employers have no obligation to provide any benefits（such as health insurance）or long-term job security．This saves companies money but obviously puts workers in vulnerable situations．In the United States，contract labor has given rise to so-called McJobs，which employers and workers alike pretend are temporary-even though these jobs are usually held by adults who are trying to support families．
The massive expansionof marketing campaigns in the 1980s coincided with the reduction of government spending for schools and for museums．This made those institutions much too willing，even eager，to partner with private companies．But companies took advantage of the needs of those institutions，reaching too far，and overwhelming the civic space with their marketing agendas．
31．What does the passage intend to tell us？D
A．The problems with current corporate practices．
B．The nature of current marketing campaigns and strategies．
C．The importance of brands in American culture．
D．The excessive presence of brands and marketing in people's lives．
32．What is Naomi Klein's attitude towards the infiltration of brands into public spaces？A
A．Concerned．B．Indifferent．C．Favorable．D．Optimistic．
33．The passage suggests that most contract laborers in the U．S．B．
A．pretend to be permanent workers
B．may have trouble supporting their families financially
C．have work conditions comparable to those of low-wage workers overseas
D．a(chǎn)re likely to receive health benefits from their employers
34．We may infer from the last paragraph thatC．
A．inadequate federal funding facilitated the privatization of schools and museums
B．government reduced spending for schools and museums for their cooperation with companies
C．public institutions were only too anxious to accept corporate marketing as a source of funding
D．by the 1980s，very few public institutions were not being funded by corporations．
分析 本文是一篇現(xiàn)象解釋型文章．文章開頭先說明一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象：充滿商標(biāo)的社會(huì)．第二、三進(jìn)一步舉例描述這一現(xiàn)象的普遍性及人們的反應(yīng)．第四段舉例介紹了這一現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間，緊接著第五段描述了這一現(xiàn)象帶來的后果，最后一段解釋了這一現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因及影響．
解答 31．D．主旨大意題．本題主要考查考生對(duì)文章大意的把握．文章開篇就點(diǎn)明主題：這是一個(gè)"world built around brands"；第二段通過對(duì)各類事實(shí)的列舉（新聞主播穿著耐克牌夾克、麥當(dāng)勞的餐點(diǎn)進(jìn)入學(xué)校等）說明一些公司過火的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷，之后各段圍繞此問題展開討論，總結(jié)全文可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)．
32．A．觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題．本題就第三段內(nèi)容Our intellectual lives and our public spaces are being taken over by marketing-and that has real implications for citizenship，"says author and activist Naomi Klein提問．作家及行動(dòng)主義者Naomi Klein 認(rèn)為我們的公共空間已被市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷所取代，而公共空間對(duì)于一個(gè)健康的文化是很重要的，由此可看出，他對(duì)該問題很關(guān)注，即選項(xiàng)A正確．
33．B．推理判斷題．答題關(guān)鍵在于理解第五段的最后一句In the United States，contract labor has given rise to so-called McJobs，which employers and workers alike pretend are temporary-even though these jobs are usually held by adults who are trying to support families．文章就破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容提問．破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容意思為"盡管打這類工的人都是要設(shè)法養(yǎng)家糊口的人"，暗含的意思就是這些人養(yǎng)家糊口可能是有困難的，所以選項(xiàng)B正確．
34．C．推理判斷題．首句It's a brand new world-a world built around brands．Hard charging，noise making，culture shaping brands are everywhere指出了在大規(guī)模營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)擴(kuò)大的同時(shí)，政府為學(xué)校和博物館提供的資金減少了，后文接著提到這樣導(dǎo)致了這些機(jī)構(gòu)與私企的合作，而私人公司也利用了這一點(diǎn)，可見公共機(jī)構(gòu)只是太急于接受企業(yè)的營(yíng)銷作為一個(gè)資金來源，故選C．
點(diǎn)評(píng) 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．
