Question

【題目】 Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.

The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.

The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.

Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue(稅收) overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.

【1】According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A. All international managers can learn culture.

B. Business diversity is not necessary.

C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.

D. Most people do not know foreign culture well.

【2】What does the underlined word “myopia” (in para. 3) mean?

A. difference B. similarity

C. foresight D. shortsightedness

【3】 We can infer from the passage that this article is supposed to be most useful for those_______

A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity

B. who have connections to more than one type of culture.

C. who want to travel abroad.

D. who want to run business on International Sale

【4】 According to Fortune, successful international companies___________ .

A. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas

B. all have the quality of patience

C. will follow the overseas local cultures

D. adopt the policy of internationalization

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】D

【4】B

【解析】

試題分析：本文主要講述文化背景對商業(yè)運作的影響,文中列舉了商界中存在的對于文化多樣性的兩種觀點。

【1】C考查判斷推理題。A. All international managers can learn culture 所有的國際管理者都可以學(xué)習(xí)文化；商業(yè)多樣性是沒有必要的；在商業(yè)世界如何看待文化的看法不同；大多數(shù)人不了解外國的文化。C意為“對在商業(yè)中怎樣對待文化有著不同意見”。 文化在商業(yè)中是一個很具挑戰(zhàn)性的因素。不同的國家與地區(qū)可能會有不同的文化體系。在商業(yè)中，應(yīng)該怎樣對待不同的文化，商業(yè)界存在著不同的看法。故選擇C。

【2】D考查詞義判斷題。A. difference不同，差異；B. similarity類似；C. foresight遠(yuǎn)見；D. shortsightedness近視。

根據(jù)文章該句話The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness對國際管理者的主要挑戰(zhàn)是要確保拒絕不是文化近視或失明的結(jié)果。故選D。

【3】D考查主旨大意題。由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要關(guān)心的并不是研究多種文化形態(tài)，而是文化背景對商業(yè)運作的影響。所以D是正確答案。故選D。

【4】B考查推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience.意為“國際上成功的公司都具有耐心這一素質(zhì)”。并非所有成功的國際公司的海外收入都占總收入的20%或以上。它們也不一定全都接納海外的當(dāng)?shù)匚幕�，或是采納國際化策略。故選B。