Question

【題目】 The real point of human nature lies in the social bonds that we make through family, friendships, professional associations and local communities. These bonds produce a sense of common purpose and values, in which groups of people seek hard and enjoy together the things that are for the common good: a sound education, a pleasant environment to live in, a healthy population. This is what the heart of the gift economy (經(jīng)濟(jì)) is.

In the past, American companies operating in Japan found it difficult to attract Japanese people, even though, compared with Japanese employers, they offered more generous wages, shorter work hours and better promotion chances. But these were traditionally not so important to the employees, who did not think of their services as being ‘bought’. Rather, they felt they were entering into a long-term—“gift exchange” —relationship with their employer, which was of mutual (相互) benefit.

This relationship had many aspects. At its most basic it related the simple exchange of physical gifts. For example, if the employee got married, the company sent a gift. Another company gift which is popular among Japanese employees is the yearly company vacation. On these organized weekends co-workers share dormitories, eat together and visit the same attractions, largely at the company’s expense. For their part, the main gift given by the employees to their company is their hard work and this is why each Japanese employee gives such great attention to accuracy, and quality in their work. Even the simplest tasks are carried out with extraordinary care.

Now, neighborhood groups use online networks to share tools and skills. Someone who needs a long ladder to repair their roof does not need to go out and buy one; they simply put a message up on the neighborhood discussion board and soon a neighbor will offer theirs. Via the Internet, knowledge and advice can be shared on almost everything, from how a nuclear reactor works to how to plan your holiday. The gift economy is going through a booming time.

【1】What is the key point of the gift economy?

A.People’s working hard.B.People’s similar social status.

C.Sharing social interests.D.Accepting social bonds.

【2】Why did the Japanese show little interest in American companies?

A.The companies offered them low salaries.

B.They were difficult to get a better position.

C.The companies provided shorter vacations.

D.They didn’t want to sell their services.

【3】What does the yearly company vacation inspire Japanese employees to do?

A.Contribute themselves to the company.

B.Exchange physical gifts with each other.

C.Spend less money while talking vacations.

D.Organize more effective weekend parties.

【4】What can we infer about the gift economy from the last paragraph?

A.It is changing the Internet services.B.It benefits greatly from the Internet.

C.It is better accepted on the Internet.D.It booms the Internet development.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】A

【4】B

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了“禮物經(jīng)濟(jì)”的真正內(nèi)涵，并舉例說(shuō)明“禮物經(jīng)濟(jì)”對(duì)公司和對(duì)員工所起的作用。同時(shí)，作者還談到了“禮物經(jīng)濟(jì)”在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代的發(fā)展。

【1】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“This is what the heart of the gift economy is.（這就是禮物經(jīng)濟(jì)的核心所在。）”可知，本題答案在第一自然段內(nèi)。由第一段內(nèi)的“The real point of human nature lies in the social bonds that we make through family, friendships, professional associations and local communities. These bonds produce a sense of common purpose and values, in which groups of people seek hard and enjoy together the things that are for the common good: a sound education, a pleasant environment to live in, a healthy population.（人性的真正意義在于我們通過(guò)家庭、友誼、專業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)和當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)建立的社會(huì)聯(lián)系。這些聯(lián)系產(chǎn)生了一種共同的目標(biāo)和價(jià)值觀，在這種價(jià)值觀中，人們努力尋求并共同享受有利于共同利益的事物：良好的教育、愉快的生活環(huán)境、健康的人口。）”可知，禮物經(jīng)濟(jì)的核心是大家共享社會(huì)利益。故選C。

【2】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“But these were traditionally not so important to the employees, who did not think of their services as being ‘bought’.（，但傳統(tǒng)上，這些對(duì)員工來(lái)說(shuō)并不是那么重要，他們認(rèn)為他們的服務(wù)是不是“買來(lái)的”）”可知，日本人對(duì)美國(guó)公司不感興趣的原因是他們不想出售他們的服務(wù)。故選D。

【3】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“On these organized weekends co-workers share dormitories, eat together and visit the same attractions, largely at the company’s expense. For their part, the main gift given by the employees to their company is their hard work and this is why each Japanese employee gives such great attention to accuracy, and quality in their work.（在這些有組織的周末，員工一起住宿，一起吃，參觀相同的景點(diǎn)，大部分都是公司的開銷。相反，員工回報(bào)給公司的就是努力工作，這就是為什么每個(gè)日本的員工對(duì)工作中的精確度和質(zhì)量都給與很大關(guān)注的原因。）”可知，每年組織的旅游可以讓員工更加愿意為公司努力付出。故選A。

【4】

推理判斷題。由最后一段首句“Now, neighborhood groups use online networks to share tools and skills.（現(xiàn)在，鄰居們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上分享工具和技能。）”可知，這一段講述禮物經(jīng)濟(jì)在網(wǎng)上的發(fā)展。由最后一句“The gift economy is going through a booming time.（禮物經(jīng)濟(jì)正在經(jīng)歷一個(gè)爆發(fā)期。）”由此判斷出，禮物經(jīng)濟(jì)借助網(wǎng)絡(luò)，發(fā)展的更快更好。禮物經(jīng)濟(jì)從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中受益匪淺。故選B。