【題目】Stephen Hawking, who is one of the famous physicists, was born in Britain on January 8th, 1942. As a child, he was enthusiastic about 【1】 (design) complicated toys but 【2】 (fortune), in his twenties, he suffered 【3】 a disease that was impossible to be cured,【4】 was a great challenge for him. However, he was not only positive about the misfortunes, and eventually he 【5】 (defeat) all the obstacles but also he was absorbed 【6】 his research in the universe. In 1988, his best-seller A Brief History of Time 【7】 (publish), in which he put forward the idea 【8】 time itself has a beginning, and that it will have 【9】 end. In 【10】 (conclude), he has made outstanding contributions to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity.
【答案】
Bhistory是不可數(shù)名詞,前面一般不加冠詞;knowledge也是不可數(shù)名詞,但knowledge前加不定冠詞,后跟of時組成aknowledgeof結(jié)構(gòu),表示“對精通、了解”。所以答案為B。
【解析】
本文是一篇記敘性的人物傳記,介紹了著名的物理學(xué)家霍金的主要生平事跡,以及它對物理學(xué)和量子引力的巨大貢獻。
【1】考查動名詞。英語中介詞的后面通常接名詞、動詞或動名詞做賓語,所以本句中使用動名詞designing作為介詞about的賓語。
【2】考查副詞。英語中副詞通常做狀語修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞或者整個句子。本句中but說明這一空應(yīng)使用表示否定意義的副詞unfortunately。句意:小時候他熱衷于設(shè)計復(fù)雜的玩具,但不幸地是,二十多歲的時候,他患上了一種不能治愈的疾病。
【3】考查固定搭配。動詞短語suffer from…患上…疾病;句意:不幸地是,二十多歲的時候,他患上了一種不能治愈的疾病。
【4】考查定語從句關(guān)系代詞。本句中關(guān)系代詞which指代前面一句話的內(nèi)容,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,并在句中做主語。句意:不幸地是,二十多歲的時候,他患上了一種不能治愈的疾病,這對他來說是一個巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。
【5】考查時態(tài)。文章這部分內(nèi)容介紹霍金患病以后的事情,都使用了一般過去時。所以本句使用過去式defeated。
【6】考查固定搭配。短語be absorbed in…專注于….;霍金戰(zhàn)勝了疾病在大學(xué)里仍然專注于研究。
【7】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。本句敘述過去發(fā)生的事情,且主語A Brief History of Time和動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,所以使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)was published。
【8】考查同位語從句。同位語從句的連詞that只起引導(dǎo)作用,在句中不做成份,不能省略。本句中的that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,解釋名詞the idea。
【9】考查冠詞。名詞end結(jié)束,結(jié)尾;這是一個可數(shù)名詞,不定冠詞an表示泛指;本句中的an end與前半句的a beginning形成呼應(yīng)。
【10】考查固定搭配。介詞短語in conclusion總之;該短語表示總結(jié)歸納。句意:總之,霍金在宇宙學(xué)和量子重力方面做出了杰出的貢獻。
本文考查了不定冠詞用法。通常不定冠詞a/an表示泛指,我們要特別注意不定冠詞的幾種特殊用法:
①專有名詞前用不定冠詞,表示“像的一個人或物”。如:HethinksheisaNapoleon.
②姓名前用不定冠詞,表示“某個叫的人”,多指不認(rèn)識的人。如:AMissSmithcametoseeyouthatafternoon.
③用于某些物質(zhì)名詞前,表示“一種、一份、一陣”等。如:—Whatwouldyouliketodrink?—Ateaandacoffee.
④用于某些抽象名詞前,使抽象概念具體化。這種用法的名詞有surprise,knowledge,success,failure,pleasure,interest,joy等等。
如:Allhiseffortsendedinfailure.
⑤不定冠詞用在population,history,area,height,weight,depth,length,speed等詞前。
如:Toescapethepulloftheearth,arocketmustreachaspeedof40,000kmh。
【例】Ofallthesubjects,Ilike___historythebestbecauseitgivesus___usefulknowledgeofthingsinthepast.
A.the;a B./;a C.a;the D.a;/
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