When we meet another person for the first time, we are actually flooded with new information. Almost at once, we notice his appearance, style of dress, and manner of speech. Furthermore （besides）, as we listen to what he has to say and observe the things he does, we begin to form some ideas of what kind of person he is and what he intends to do. As you know from your own experience, though, we do not only gather these separate pieces of information. Instead, we go further and combine them into a unified （統(tǒng)一的） picture. In short, we form an overall impression of each person we meet—an impression that can be favorable （making people like） or unfavorable. But how precisely （exactly） do we perform this task? How do we combine so much different information into a clear first impression with such quick speed? A great deal of research has been performed on this question, and results point to the following answer: we perform this task through a special type of averaging （平均）.
Expressed very simply, our impressions of others seem to represent a weighted average of all information that can be gathered about them. That is, they reflect a process in which all information we have about others is averaged together—but with some facts, or input （輸入） receiving greater weight than others. As you can readily see, this makes good sense. For example, in forming an impression of a new boss you would probably be affected to a much greater degree by how this person gives you orders （whether respectfully or not） than by the color of his or her eyes. The fact that not all information about other persons affects our impressions of them to the same degree, raises an important question. Just what kinds of input receive the greatest weight? Again research provides some revealing （發(fā)人深思的） answers.
1．This passage is mainly about _________.
A．how our first impressions are expressed B．how our first impressions are formed
C．how we can favorably impress others D．how first impressions affect our lives
2．According to the passage, the first impression is _________.
A．the result of quick look B．not based on enough information
C．a(chǎn) combination of pieces of information D．the observation of what a person does
3．Research has shown that first impressions are generally more affected by _________.
A．the way others speak B．a(chǎn)ppearance and style of dress
C．a(chǎn)ll information we have D．certain types of information at hand
4．The passage tells us _________.
A．ways of making good first impressions
B．what kinds of input receive the greatest weight are not clear now.
C．when we meet other persons for the first time we form an overall impression of them almost at once.
D．The first impression that we form of other persons are always favorable.
科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆浙江省寧波市高一上學期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves— the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.
We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too embarrassed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.
This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!”
Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner. Or harsh (刻薄的) and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive.
Words possess power because of their lasting effects. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it true? Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid.
Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem (自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.
1.The main idea of the first paragraph is that _________.
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A．words have a lasting effect on us |
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B．inspiring words give us confidence |
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C．negative words may let us down |
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D．not sticks and stones but words will hurt us |
2.There is no need for us to feel embarrassed when we talk to ourselves because _________.
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A．a(chǎn)lmost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves |
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B．talking to ourselves always gives us courage |
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C．we can benefit from talking to ourselves |
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D．it does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone |
3.The underlined part in the third paragraph means that we should also timely ________.
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A．remind ourselves |
B．praise ourselves |
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C．make ourselves relaxed |
D．give ourselves amusement |
4.The author would probably hold the view that _________.
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A．encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offers |
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B．negative words may motivate us to make more progress |
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C．people tend to remember friendly words |
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D．it is better to think twice before talking to others |
5.In which column of the newspaper can you most likely read this passage?
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A．News. |
B．Advice column. |
C．Health. |
D．Language. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學年山東省菏澤市高三第三次模擬考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：完型填空
RESOURCES BELONG TO THE SOCIETY
When I arrived in Hamburg Germany, my colleague who worked there arranged a welcome party for me in a 36 . We noticed a few customers including several old ladies, were having their meal. When a dish is 37 , the waiter would distribute the food for them, and they would 38 every bit of the food on their plates.
As I was hungry, my local colleague 39 much food for me. Since there were other things to do, we did not 40 much time dining. When we planned to leave, there was still about one third of 41 food left. When we were leaving the restaurant, we 42 someone calling us. When the old ladies spoke to us in English, we understood that they were 43 about us wasting so much food.
“We 44 for our food; it is none of your 45 how much food we left behind”, my colleague told the old ladies. They got angry, and one of them 46 made a call to someone. After a while, an officer in 47 arrived. Upon knowing what had happened, he issued us a 50-euro 48 . The officer told us in a stern（嚴厲的）voice: “order 49 you can consume. Money is yours, 50 the resources belong to the society. You have no 51 for wasting them.” Our face turned red. We all agreed with him in our 52 . My colleague took out a 50-euro note and repeatedly 53 to the officer.
My colleague copied the fine ticket and gave a copy to each of us as a souvenir. We all 54 it to remind us that we should never be 55 .
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科目：高中英語 來源：2014屆福建省高一下學期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：完型填空
The other day, I happened to meet someone I hadn’t seen for many years. I couldn’t believe the change in him. In fact, he didn’t even seem like the 36 person.
When I first knew Bill , back in 37 , he was one of the most carefree（無憂無慮）people I had ever 38 . He was always ready to have a party. He thought 39 of going out for beer at three o’clock in the morning or driving 15 miles to see an old 40 he really liked. Bill and I were in the same class in college, and 41 was never dull when he was 42 . With him there was one wild 43 after another. Sometimes I wonder how we 44 to study for our exams.
Last week I was in Houston on business and I ran into Bill in the bar at the hotel. 45 , I wasn’t even sure it was 46 . Was this short-haired businessman really the same person? I wasn’t really sure until I came near him but it indeed was Bill. Now he works for a bank. He 47 most of the evening about his job, his new car and his house. How he had changed! Back when we were in college, the 48 thing Bill cared about were possessions(財富). Now they seemed to be his main 49 . Although I have changed quite a bit myself, somehow I never 50 Bill changing so much. My image of him 51 the one I had formed 52 the time when we were college students together.
I suppose it’s 53 to expect people to remain the same, especially 54 I have changed so much myself. But I must say that I enjoyed the old Bill much more than the new Bill. Maybe he 55 the same way about me.
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科目：高中英語 來源：江西省盟校2010屆高三下學期第二次聯(lián)考英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解
E
There’s talk today about how as a society we’ve become separated by colors, income, city vs suburb, red state vs blue. But we also divide ourselves with unseen dotted lines. I’m talking about the property lines that isolate us from the people we are physically closest to: our neighbors.
It was a disaster on my street, in a middle-class suburb of Rochester Town, several years ago that got me thinking about this. One night, a neighbor shot and killed his wife and then himself; their two middle-school children ran screaming into the night. Though the couple had lived on our street for seven years, my wife and I hardly knew them. We’d see them jogging together. Sometimes our children would share cars to school with theirs.
Some of the neighbors attended the funeral（葬禮）and called on relatives. Someone laid a single bunch of yellow flowers at the family’s front door, but nothing else was done to mark the loss. Within weeks, the children had moved with their grandparents to another part of the town. The only indication that anything had changed was the “For Sale” sign in front of their house.
A family had disappeared, yet the impact on our neighborhood was slight. How could that be? Did I live in a community or just in a house on a street surrounded by people whose lives were entirely separate? Few of my neighbors, I later learned, knew others on the street more than casually; many didn’t know even the names of those a few doors down.
Why is it that in an age of low long-distance expenses, discount airlines and the Internet, when we can create community anywhere, we often don’t know the people who live next door? Maybe my neighbors didn’t mind living this way, but I did. I wanted to get to know the people whose houses I passed each day – not just what they do for a living and how many children they have, but the depth of their experience and what kind of people they are.
What would it take, I wondered, to break through the barriers between us? I thought about childhood sleepovers（在外過夜）, and the familiar feeling and deep understanding I used to get from waking up inside a friend’s home. Would my neighbors let me sleep over and write about their lives from inside their own houses?
72. The underlined word “this” in the second paragraph probably refers to the talk about ____.
A. how a society is divided by dotted lines
B. the property lines separating us from our neighbors
C. the couple’s death
D. understanding each other between neighbors
73. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the author’s description?
A. The husband killed himself.
B. The couple had the habit of jogging together.
C. Their children moved to live with grandparents after the couple’s death.
D. The author never knew the couple until they died seven years later.
74. From the last paragraph, we can infer that the author _____ in his childhood.
A. had once slept in the open air outside
B. had slept in his friend’s home more than once
C. had slept at home but woke up to find himself inside his friend’s home
D. used to live in his friend’s home
75. Following the last paragraph, the author will perhaps _____.
A. leave his home and began his writing career
B. sleep in the open air and write about his experiences
C. sleep in his neighbors’ homes and write about their family lives
D. interview his neighbors and write about their houses
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科目：高中英語 來源：山東省濟南外國語學校2013屆高二上學期期中考試英語試題 題型：閱讀理解
One hot night last July, when our new baby wouldn’t or couldn’t sleep, I tried everything I could think of: a warm bottle, songs gentle rocking. Nothing would settle him. Guessing that I had a long night ahead of me, I brought a portable TV into his room, figuring that watching the late movie was as good a way as any to kill of the hours till dawn. To my surprise, as soon as the TV lit up, the baby quieted right down, and his little eyes focused brightly on the tube. Not to waste an opportunity for sleep, I then tiptoed out of the room, leaving him to watch the actors celebrate John Bellushi's forty-fifth birthday.
My wife and I heard none of the baby that night, and the next morning when I went into his room, I found him still watching TV himself.
I found in my baby's behavior a symbol of the new generation. My wife and I had given him some books to examine, but he merely spit upon them. When we read to him, he did not feel comfortable. And so it is in the schools. We find that our students don't read and they look down upon reading and scold those of us who teach it. All they want to do is watch TV. After this experience with the baby, however, I have reached a conclusion: “Let them watch it!” If television is that much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight about it? Let them watch it all they want!
1.Why did the author bring a TV set into his son's room?
A. To make his son keep quiet. B. To spend the night by watching TV programs.
C. In order not to let his son feel lonely. D. To make his son go to sleep as soon as possible.
2.The baby's reaction to the TV program was _______ for the writer.
A. unexpected B. encouraging C. exciting D. calm
3.From this passage we know that the author is probably .
A. a doctor B. a reporter C. an editor D. a teacher
4.According to the passage, which is true of the school children?
A. They prefer reading to watching TV.
B. They like watching TV after school.
C. They would rather watch TV than read books.
D. They like their teachers who teach them reading.
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