Question

【題目】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Bill Drayton believes we’re in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most people’s lives had a certain 【1】. You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.

But these days machines can do pretty much anything that’s 【2】. The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.

Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then 【3】 adapt as situations change.

For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to 【4】 with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that 【5】 everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together.

To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls “cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all.” Congnitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in 【6】 circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams.

It doesn’t matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only hire people who can 【7】 problems and organize responses.

Millions of people already live with the mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: We don’t need you. We don’t need your kids, either.” Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back.

The central 【8】 of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal 【9】. Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.

Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of 【10】 shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】B

【4】H

【5】C

【6】I

【7】E

【8】G

【9】K

【10】F

【解析】

本文屬于議論文，現(xiàn)在機(jī)器幾乎可以做任何事情。新世界需要不同類(lèi)型的人。德雷頓稱(chēng)這種新類(lèi)型的人是變革者。

【1】考查名詞。句意：幾千年以來(lái)，大多數(shù)人的生活都有一個(gè)特定的模式。根據(jù)后一句You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.可知，去學(xué)校學(xué)商業(yè)或者學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)技術(shù)，然后利用這門(mén)技術(shù)來(lái)過(guò)上幸福生活，故可以推出大部分的生活都有一定的模式，故選pattern（模式），故選D。

【2】考查形容詞。句意：但是如今機(jī)器可以作所有重復(fù)性的事情。根據(jù)后文可知，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)需要的是能夠解決問(wèn)題，組建一個(gè)流暢的團(tuán)隊(duì)，因而可以得出，機(jī)器可以取代人類(lèi)做重復(fù)性的事情，故用repetitive（重復(fù)性的），故選A。。

【3】考查副詞。句意：變革者就是那些能夠看清自己周?chē)�的模式，識(shí)別存在的問(wèn)題，找到解決問(wèn)題的辦法，組建一個(gè)流利的團(tuán)隊(duì)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體性行動(dòng)，以及不斷適應(yīng)不斷改變的環(huán)境。根據(jù)本句adapt as situations change可知，變革者需要不斷適應(yīng)環(huán)境，故用continually，故選B。

【4】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：他制作了一個(gè)軟件叫Haus，能夠把鄰居組成一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。根據(jù)后文It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together可知，這個(gè)軟件可以把鄰居聯(lián)系在一起，故用network（組建網(wǎng)絡(luò)），故選H。

【5】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這個(gè)軟件有一個(gè)緊急按鈕，當(dāng)有犯罪行為發(fā)生的時(shí)候，按了按鈕之后就能夠及時(shí)提醒鄰居。分析句子可知，本句講述app的作用，故用alerts（警示）, 故選C。

【6】考查形容詞。句意：認(rèn)知移情就是理解人們?cè)诓粩噙M(jìn)化的環(huán)境中感受的能力。分析文章可知，本文講述隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，我們需要的人才和能力也是不同的，因而選evolving（進(jìn)化的），故選I。

【7】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：如果你現(xiàn)在在自助餐廳或者電站的檢測(cè)線(xiàn)上工作，沒(méi)關(guān)系，因?yàn)檫@些公司以后只會(huì)雇傭那些能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的人。根據(jù)文章The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.可知，現(xiàn)在社會(huì)需要的是能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)和解決問(wèn)題的人，故用locate（定位），故選E。

【8】考查名詞。句意：Drayton說(shuō)，我們這個(gè)時(shí)代最主要的挑戰(zhàn)就是讓每個(gè)人都成為變革者。根據(jù)后文Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.可知，學(xué)校需要做出改變來(lái)培養(yǎng)變革者，這也是很大的挑戰(zhàn)，故選G。

【9】考查名詞。句意：他說(shuō)，在早期時(shí)代，社會(huì)意識(shí)到大家都必需要具備讀寫(xiě)能力。根據(jù)后文Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal.可知，學(xué)校必須做出改變，故選literacy（讀寫(xiě)能力），故選K。

【10】考查形容詞。句意：Ashoka研究了社會(huì)變革來(lái)找出怎樣才能促進(jìn)這種精神轉(zhuǎn)變。根據(jù)前文可知，本文主要講述人們意識(shí)的改變，故用mental，故選F。