Question

【題目】請閱讀下面短文,并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。

注意: 請將答案寫在答題卡上相應題號的橫線上。 每個空格只填一個單詞。

People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.

In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.

News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.

News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.

For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.

What news stories do you read?
Division of news stories	● People expect to get【1】from reading news. ● News stories are roughly divided into two classes. ● Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won’t.
【2】ofthe two classes	● News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual【3】. ● Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and【4】similar feelings with those involved.
	● News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a【5】to them. ● News of delayed reward will induce the reader to【6】for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to【7】from the reality.
Unstable boundaries of the two classes	● What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their【8】. ● Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and【9】themselves to the reality. ● Thus, the division, on the whole,【10】on the reader.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】rewards/rewarded

【2】Explanations

【3】involvement

【4】share

【5】threat

【6】prepare

【7】withdraw

【8】profession(s)/intention

【9】adapt

【10】depends

【解析】試題分析：文章結(jié)合弗洛伊德心理學理論，分析了不同人群對新聞報道的接受習慣和反應特征，從新聞類別、讀者反應、異類互滲等角度考察了考生在信息檢索、內(nèi)容歸納、語言結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的知識與能力。難度較14年有所下降，重點考查考察信息轉(zhuǎn)換題，涉及詞性和詞義轉(zhuǎn)換，學生“有據(jù)可循”，歸納概括題比例明顯下降。

【1】信息查找題。根據(jù)“People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds.”可知此處填rewards/rewarded“得到回報/被獎勵”。

【2】信息歸納題。文章二、三、四段是對“immediate reward（即時回報）”和“delayed reward（遲來的回報）”的解釋。

【3】信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.”可知此處填involvement“參與”。

【4】信息歸納題。根據(jù)第三段中“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder … laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.”可知讀者會將自己和新聞故事中發(fā)生的事緊緊聯(lián)系在一起，和參與者有相似的感受。因此此處填share“同樣有”。

【5】信息查找題。根據(jù)第四段中“It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, … It has a kind of ‘threat value.’”可知此處填threat“威脅”。

【6】信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第四段中“It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.”可知此處填prepare，與后面的介詞for搭配“為……做準備”。

【7】信息查找題。根據(jù)第四段中“When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.” 此處填withdraw “退出，離開”。

【8】歸納概括題。根據(jù)最后一段中“For example, a sociologist may … A coach may …A politician may …”可知讀者對新聞故事的期待很大程度上受他們職業(yè)的影響。此處填profession(s)“職業(yè)”/intention“意圖，動機”。

【9】信息查找題。根據(jù)第四段中“When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.”可知此處填adapt“使適應”。

【10】歸納概括題。根據(jù)最后一段中“while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.”可知這一分類取決于讀者個體。此處填depends，和后面的介詞on搭配“取決于”。