Question

19．Following one million middle-aged women in Britain for 10years，a study finds that the widely held view that happiness enhances health and longevity is unfounded．
The results come from the so-called Million Women Study，which took on women aged 50to 69from 1996to 2001，and tracked them with questionnaires and official records of death and hospital admissions．The questionnaires asked how often the women felt happy，in control，relaxed and stressed，and also instructed them to rate their health and list ailments like high blood pressure，diabetes，depression or anxiety．
When the answers were analyzed statistically，unhappiness and stress were not associated with an increased risk of death．It is not clear whether the findings apply to men．
Professor Peto said particularly important data came from 500，000women who reported that they were in good health，with no history of heart disease，cancer，or stroke．A minority of these healthy women said they were stressed or unhappy，he said，but over the next decade they were no more likely to die than were the women who were generally happy．
"This finding refutes（駁斥）the large effects of unhappiness and stress on death rate that others have claimed，"Dr．Peto said．Unhappiness itself may not affect health directly，but it can do harm in other ways，by driving people to suicide，alcoholism or other dangerous behaviors，he warned．
This type of study，in which people involved depends on their self-assessments，is not considered as reliable as a designed experiment where people involved are picked at random and assigned to a treatment or control group．But the huge number of people in this study gives it power．Still，some observers noted that measuring emotions is more nuanced（細(xì)微的）and complex than simply declaring happiness or unhappiness．
"I would have liked to see more discussion of how people translate these complicated feelings into a self-report of happiness，"said Baruch Fischhoff，a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University．
The results of earlier studies have been mixed，with some finding that unhappiness causes illness and others showing no link，Dr．Fischhoff said．"It looks to me like people have collected a lot of data without finding a clear signal，"he said．However，an editorial accompanying the study in The Lancet noted that it had the largest population so far in happiness studies and praised its statistical methods．
Professor Peto said he doubted whether the new study would change many minds because beliefs about the risks of unhappiness are so rooted．"People are still going to believe that stress causes heart attacks，"he said．

Topic	Happiness Doesn't （71）NecessarilyBring Good Health
（72）Subjects/Participantsof the research	One million women aged 50to 69
（73）Procedure/Steps of the research	Track the women with questionnaires． Keep official records of deaths and hospital admission． Make statistical （74）analysesof the answers．
Results of the research	It lacks basis that unhappy people （75）tend to suffer mortality more easily． Unhappiness may （76）account/make for some dangerous behavior． Whether the conclusion applies to men hasn't been （77）confirmed/proved
（78）Drawbacks/Shortcomings/Disadvantages/Weaknesses of the research	It just depends on how people involved （79）assess/evaluatethemselves． Measuring emotion is more nuanced and complex． The results of earlier studies have been mixed．
Significance of the research	The largest population were involved． Statistical methods were used．
Professor Peto's concern	The study can （80）hardly change people's minds as the beliefs about the disadvantages of unhappiness are so anchored．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇議論文．文章首先提出論點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為高興有助于健康和長(zhǎng)壽是缺乏事實(shí)依據(jù)的．然后，以研究為基礎(chǔ)，從反面說(shuō)明了不高興與死亡并沒(méi)有直接的聯(lián)系，只是可能會(huì)引起一些危險(xiǎn)行為，從而佐證作者的論點(diǎn)．

解答 71．Necessarily  歸納概括題．根據(jù)全文給出的論據(jù)論點(diǎn)可知，文章講述的是高興并"不一定"會(huì)帶來(lái)健康．
72．Subjects/Participants   推理題．從后面的One million women aged 50 to 69可知，是在講研究的"被試者或參與者（對(duì)象）"．
73．Procedure/Steps   推理題．根據(jù)后面給出的Track the women with questionnaires． Keep official records of deaths and hospital admission．Make statistical analyse of the answers．提示可知，這里陳述的是研究的"步驟或者說(shuō)是程序"．
74．a(chǎn)nalyses  詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題．根據(jù)statistical可知，后面要跟名詞形式，故把原文When the answers were analyzed statistically里的analyze轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞形式．
75．tend   推理題．根據(jù)unhappiness and stress were not associated with an increased risk of death可知，不開(kāi)心的人會(huì)更容易"引起"死亡缺少依據(jù)．
76．a(chǎn)ccount/make   推理題．根據(jù)Unhappiness itself may not affect health directly，but it can do harm in other ways，by driving people to suicide，alcoholism or other dangerous behaviors可知，不開(kāi)心可能會(huì)"導(dǎo)致"一些危險(xiǎn)行為．
77．confirmed/proved   推理題．根據(jù)It is not clear whether the findings apply to men．可知，這個(gè)結(jié)論是否適用于男性還沒(méi)有被"證實(shí)或確認(rèn)"．
78．Drawbacks/Shortcomings/Disadvantages/Weaknesses   歸納概括題．根據(jù)后面給出的 It just depends on how people involved assess/evaluate themselves． Measuring emotion is more nuanced and complex． The results of earlier studies have been mixed可知，這些都是該研究的"不足或缺陷"．
79．a(chǎn)ssess/evaluate   原詞再現(xiàn)題（詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題）．根據(jù)This type of study，in which people involved depends on their self-assessments可知，該研究?jī)H僅取決于人們對(duì)自己的"評(píng)價(jià)或評(píng)估"．
80．hardly   推理題．根據(jù)Professor Peto said he doubted whether the new study would change many minds because beliefs about the risks of unhappiness are so rooted．可知，Professor Peto 認(rèn)為，該研究"幾乎不"能改變?nèi)藗兊挠^念，因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)不高興有害健康的觀點(diǎn)根深蒂固．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是一個(gè)任務(wù)性閱讀理解，題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)．