Question

【題目】請認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意:每空一個單詞。

The exact data on women in agriculture is difficult to pin down. There are variations between countries and agriculture data is challenging to collect. What is clear, however, is that most small-scale farmers are women, making up 60-80 percent of farmers in developing countries. The FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN) estimates that between 43 percent to even 70 percent of agricultural labor in some countries comes from women.

But women still don’t have the same rights as men when it comes to farming, making food production harder for women because of gender inequality. For female farmers, it is unquestionably a challenging job to engage in food production.

In the first place, purchasing land, farming equipment and hiring labor can be expensive. These costs are even harder on women because many of them lack access to credit. In nearly 48 economies women face legal restrictions to having control of their own finances.

Getting to the bank is hard too. Mobility for women in rural parts of developing countries is a big concern. Better transportation and infrastructure could help make access to credit more practicable for women. Credit and finance should be equal for everyone, especially women who are held back by gender restrictions.

Sadly, women may run the world, but they do not own it. Women are virtually denied property rights. Traditional customs in place can pass down land through the male side of the family, leaving women out of land rights completely. Other times, women need permission from a male relative or husband to own land.

It has been apparent that women are not as productive farmers as men and work longer hours in some countries like Indonesia. This is largely due to a lack of education. When education is considered more valuable for men (and thus mainly given to men), women farmers are less informed about the best production methods, thus producing less yield in crops and becoming “l(fā)ess productive”. This can all be changed through providing education for women. Removing gender inequality can help feed 130 million people who are currently undernourished.

Despite these barriers, women are definitely not leaving the “field”. In countries experiencing urban growth, men are migrating to urban areas for other jobs while women stay in rural areas, taking on jobs in farming and agriculture. Healthier children, education, and investment into the community are all benefits that female farmers are shown to have on their communities.

Let’s close the gender gap and give women the tools they need to succeed. If women farmers in developing countries have the same rights and opportunities, they will be just as productive. With increasing population, and the need for better food security, supporting women in agriculture is something that cannot afford not to be invested in.

Women running most small farms	Women in developing countries 【1】 for a large proportion of the labor force in the agricultural sector.
Women’s 【2】 to food production	Without credit, many women farmers can’t 【3】 the cost of large farms. * The law sets a 【4】 on women’s freedom to manage money. * It is a struggle for women in the countryside to enjoy bank service.
	Women in many countries do not have easy 【5】 to the ownership of property. * 【6】 can take over land from the previous generation. * Without a male’s permission women cannot take possession of land.
	The education system 【7】 men over women, resulting in different levels of productivity. * Unlike men, women are often ignorant of agricultural science. * Women could become more 【8】 if they were to enjoy equal education.
Expected support for women farmers	Considering women’s 【9】 to society, we are supposed to end gender discrimination and 【10】 up women in agriculture.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】account

【2】barriers/obstacles/bars

【3】afford/pay

【4】limit/restriction

【5】access

【6】Men/Males

【7】favors

【8】productive

【9】contribution

【10】back

【解析】

這是一篇議論文。文章講述了世界上農(nóng)村婦女勞動力的分布狀況和存在的問題。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段What is clear, however, is that most small-scale farmers are women, making up 60-80 percent of farmers in developing countries.然而可以確定的是，大多數(shù)小規(guī)模的農(nóng)民是婦女，占發(fā)展中國家農(nóng)民的60-80%。可知，此處應(yīng)填“占據(jù)”，根據(jù)介詞for。故填account。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段But women still don’t have the same rights as men when it comes to farming, making food production harder for women because of gender inequality.但在農(nóng)業(yè)方面，女性仍然沒有與男性同等的權(quán)利，這使得女性的糧食生產(chǎn)更加困難，因?yàn)樾詣e不平等�？芍�，此處應(yīng)填“困難”，根據(jù)介詞to。故填 barriers/obstacles/bars。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段In the first place, purchasing land, farming equipment and hiring labor can be expensive.首先，購買土地、農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)備和雇傭勞動力可能很昂貴�？芍�，農(nóng)村婦女付不起昂貴的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。故填afford/pay。

【4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段In nearly 48 economies women face legal restrictions to having control of their own finances.在近48個經(jīng)濟(jì)體中，婦女面臨著控制自己財(cái)政的法律限制�？芍�，此處應(yīng)填“限制”， set a limit on為固定搭配，意為“給……設(shè)限”。故填limit。

【5】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段Women are virtually denied property rights.婦女實(shí)際上被剝奪了財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)�？芍獘D女很難擁有財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)，have access to為固定搭配，意為“輕易得到”。故填access。

【6】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段Traditional customs in place can pass down land through the male side of the family, leaving women out of land rights completely.當(dāng)?shù)氐膫鹘y(tǒng)習(xí)俗可以將土地傳給男性，而將女性完全排除在土地權(quán)利之外�？芍�，男性可以從前一輩那繼承土地權(quán)。故填Men/Males。

【7】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第六段When education is considered more valuable for men (and thus mainly given to men), women farmers are less informed about the best production methods, thus producing less yield in crops and becoming “l(fā)ess productive”.當(dāng)教育被認(rèn)為對男人更有價(jià)值時（因此主要給了男人），女農(nóng)民對最好的生產(chǎn)方法了解較少，因此作物產(chǎn)量較少，變得更低產(chǎn)。由此可知，教育偏向男性。故填favors。

【8】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第六段When education is considered more valuable for men (and thus mainly given to men), women farmers are less informed about the best production methods, thus producing less yield in crops and becoming “l(fā)ess productive”.當(dāng)教育被認(rèn)為對男人更有價(jià)值時（因此主要給了男人），女農(nóng)名對最好的生產(chǎn)方法里了解較少，因此作物產(chǎn)量較少，變得更低產(chǎn)。由此可知，如果女人接受了更多的教育，將變得更加多產(chǎn)。故填productive。

【9】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第七段Despite these barriers, women are definitely not leaving the “field”.盡管有這些障礙，女性絕對不會離開土地。由此可知，女性對社會有貢獻(xiàn)。故填contribution。

【10】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第八段With increasing population, and the need for better food security, supporting women in agriculture is something that cannot afford not to be invested in.隨著人口的增長，以及對更好的糧食安全的需要，支持婦女從事農(nóng)業(yè)是一項(xiàng)不能不投資的事業(yè)。由此可知，此處應(yīng)填“支持”，根據(jù)介詞up。故填back。