Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious

The everyday signs of conscientiousness (認真盡責(zé))—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一絲不茍的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.

Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.

Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (緩沖) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.

There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.

But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.

When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自發(fā)性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.

 

【答案】

 

 Strict

 helpful/ good

 Functions/ Roles/ Importance/ Significance

 running/ working/ going/ operating/ functioning

 performance(s)

 fired/dismissed/ jobless

 problems/ troubles

 higher/ subjective/ unfair/ unjust/ prejudiced

 tense/ damaged/ poor/ bad

 discourage/ affect/ damage

【解析】

【文章大意】本文是議論文，描述的是“認真盡責(zé)”這種美德的特征、在人們的生活和工作等方面發(fā)揮的重大作用和可能由這種美德所引起的問題。文章難度適中，但是所需要的詞匯有5道題在原文中不能找到，需要學(xué)生歸納總結(jié)信息，所以有一定的難度。

 從第一段第一句可知認真盡責(zé)的人準時、工作認真、自律性強、處理問題一絲不茍，所以說他們對自己要求嚴格。

 從第一段第二句可知認真盡責(zé)的人樂于助人。

 從第二段第一句“Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field.”可知認真盡責(zé)有很大的作用和意義。

 第二段表明工作的各個環(huán)節(jié)的順利進行都離不開認真盡責(zé)的態(tài)度。

 原文可以找到“outstanding performance”。

 原文用“against the threat of job loss”

 第三段第一句中給出答案“---lead to problems”。

 第四段，原文用“giving them higher evaluations than objective measures---”.

 第五段最后一句用“which damaged their relationships”

 最后一段第一句用“it can discourage creativity”.

 

練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：2013年高考英語江蘇卷 題型：051

請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。每個空格只填一個單詞。

Quiet Virtue：The Conscientious

　　The everyday signs of conscientiousness(認真盡責(zé))-being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous(一絲不茍的)in attending to responsibilities-are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should．They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with．It's the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline．

　　Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field．In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness．It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization：the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time．

　　Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales．Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(緩沖)against the threat of job loss in today's constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued．For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on．

　　There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are．Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict．

　　But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems．Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don't show the same high levels of model behavior．Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships．

　　When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity．In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity(自發(fā)性)are scarce and in demand．Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious

The everyday signs of conscientiousness (認真盡責(zé))一being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一絲不茍的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.

Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.

Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (緩沖) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.

There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.

But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.

When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自發(fā)性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆四川省射洪縣射洪中學(xué)高三零診英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

It was 1961 and I was in the fifth grade. My marks in school were miserable and, the thing was, I didn’t know enough to really care. My older bother and I lived with Mom in an ugly multi-family house in Detroit. We watched TV every night. The background noise of our lives was gunfire and horses’  hoofs(馬蹄) from “Wagon Train” or “Cheyenne”, and laughter from “I Love Lucy”, or “Mister Ed”. After supper, we’d lie on Mom’s bed and stare for hours at the TV screen.
But one day Mom changed our world forever. She turned off the TV. Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But, she was much brighter and smarter than we boys know at the time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses where she cleaned books. So she came home one day, switched off the TV, sat us down and explained that her sons were going to make something of themselves. “You boys are going to read two books every week,” she said. “And you’re going to write a report on what you read.”
We moaned（不滿,發(fā)牢騷） and complained about how unfair it was. Besides, we didn’t have any books in the house other than Mom’s Bible. But she explained that we would go where the books were: “I’ll drive you to the library.”
So pretty soon there were these two peevish（壞脾氣的）boys sitting in her white 1959 Oldsmobile on their way to Detroit Public Library. I wandered reluctantly（不情愿） among the children’s books. I loved animals, so when I saw some books that seemed to be about animals, I started leafing through them.
The first book I read clear through was Chip the Dam Builder. It was about beavers（河貍）. For the first time in my life I was lost in another world. No television program had ever taken me so far away from my surroundings as did this virtue visit to a cold stream in a forest and these animals building a home.
It didn’t dawn on me at the time, but the experience was quite different from watching TV. There were images forming in my mind instead of before my eyes. And I could return to them again and again with the flip（快速翻動）of a page.
Soon I began to look forward to visiting this quiet sanctuary form my other world. I moved from animals to plants, and then to rocks. Between the covers of all those books were whole worlds, and I was free to go anywhere in them. Along the way a funny thing happened: I started to know things. Teachers started to notice it too. I got to the point where I couldn’t wait to get home to my books.
Now my older brother is an engineer and I am chief of pediatric neurosurgery(兒童神經(jīng)外科)at John Hopkins Children’s Center in Baltimore. Sometimes I still can’t believe my life’s journey, from a failing and indifferent student in a Detroit public school to this position, which takes me all over the world to teach and perform critical surgery.
But I know when the journey began the day Mom switched off the TV set and put us in her Oldsmobile for that drive to the library.
【小題1】We can learn from the beginning of the passage that ___________.

A．the author and his brother had done well in school
B．the author had been very concerned about his school work
C．the author had spent much time watching TV after school
D．the author had realized how important schooling was
【小題2】Which of the following is not true about the author’s family?
A．He came from a middle-class family.
B．He came from a single-parent family.
C．His mother worked as a cleaner.
D．His mother had received little education.
【小題3】How did the two boys feel about going to the library at first?
A．They were afraidB．They were reluctant.
C．They were impatient.D．They were eager to go.
【小題4】The author began to love books for the following reasons EXCEPT that ___________.
A．he began to see something in his mind
B．he could visualize what he read in his mind
C．he could go back to read the books again
D．he realized that books offered him new experience

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：2013年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（江蘇卷帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious
The everyday signs of conscientiousness (認真盡責(zé))—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一絲不茍的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.
Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.
Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (緩沖) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.
There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.
But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.
When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自發(fā)性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案