Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious

The everyday signs of conscientiousness (認(rèn)真盡責(zé))一being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一絲不茍的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.

Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.

Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (緩沖) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.

There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.

But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.

When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自發(fā)性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】任務(wù)型讀寫主要考查考生對(duì)文中有效信息進(jìn)行篩選、整合和綜合概括的能力。要求考生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)閱讀信息進(jìn)行二次加工，歸納要點(diǎn)，、整合零散信息，并以表格的形式把加工后的信息準(zhǔn)確、有序地表達(dá)出來(lái)。本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。通常來(lái)說(shuō)，盡職盡責(zé)是一個(gè)很大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：工作認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)，守時(shí)自律，幫助別人等等，但同時(shí)也有它的缺點(diǎn)，如阻礙創(chuàng)造性，對(duì)同事要求過(guò)嚴(yán)而影響關(guān)系等。

71. 解析：歸納總結(jié)題。第一段中講述的盡職盡責(zé)的人的特點(diǎn)：being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一絲不茍的) in attending to responsibilities他們守時(shí)，工作中細(xì)心，自律，一絲不茍……，這些都說(shuō)明他們對(duì)自己要求很嚴(yán)格。

答案：strict

72. 解析：信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。第一段中的It’s the conscientious worker who “helps” newcomers or updates people….說(shuō)明，盡職盡責(zé)的人對(duì)別人是helpful或者good。

答案：helpful/good

73. 解析：歸納總結(jié)題。文章的第2,3,4段講述了盡職盡責(zé)好處和重要性。

答案：Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance

74. 解析：由首段的the people who keep things running as they should可知答案。

答案：running/working/going/operating/functioning

75. 解析：直接信息題。從第二段中的In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs…可知答案。

答案：performance(s)

76. 解析：信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。從第三段的Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (緩沖)against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market，可知他們不容易失去工作，轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞，即可得到答案。

答案：fired/dismissed/jobless

77. 解析：直接信息題。從第五段的第一句話But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems.可知答案。

答案：problems/troubles

78. 解析：直接信息題。從第四段的…giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of…可知答案。

答案：higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced

79. 解析：歸納總結(jié)題。由第五段中的…overly judgmental…，tended to criticize co-workers…可知，他們對(duì)同事苛求，可能更容易批評(píng)同事，從而造成關(guān)系緊張。

答案：tense/damaged/poor/bad

80. 解析：直接信息題。由第六段的it can discourage creativity可知答案。

答案：discourage/affect/damage

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Quiet Virtue：The Conscientious

　　The everyday signs of conscientiousness(認(rèn)真盡責(zé))-being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous(一絲不茍的)in attending to responsibilities-are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should．They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with．It's the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline．

　　Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field．In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness．It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization：the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time．

　　Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales．Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(緩沖)against the threat of job loss in today's constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued．For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on．

　　There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are．Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict．

　　But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems．Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don't show the same high levels of model behavior．Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships．

　　When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity．In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity(自發(fā)性)are scarce and in demand．Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness．

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It was 1961 and I was in the fifth grade. My marks in school were miserable and, the thing was, I didn’t know enough to really care. My older bother and I lived with Mom in an ugly multi-family house in Detroit. We watched TV every night. The background noise of our lives was gunfire and horses’  hoofs(馬蹄) from “Wagon Train” or “Cheyenne”, and laughter from “I Love Lucy”, or “Mister Ed”. After supper, we’d lie on Mom’s bed and stare for hours at the TV screen.
But one day Mom changed our world forever. She turned off the TV. Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But, she was much brighter and smarter than we boys know at the time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses where she cleaned books. So she came home one day, switched off the TV, sat us down and explained that her sons were going to make something of themselves. “You boys are going to read two books every week,” she said. “And you’re going to write a report on what you read.”
We moaned（不滿,發(fā)牢騷） and complained about how unfair it was. Besides, we didn’t have any books in the house other than Mom’s Bible. But she explained that we would go where the books were: “I’ll drive you to the library.”
So pretty soon there were these two peevish（壞脾氣的）boys sitting in her white 1959 Oldsmobile on their way to Detroit Public Library. I wandered reluctantly（不情愿） among the children’s books. I loved animals, so when I saw some books that seemed to be about animals, I started leafing through them.
The first book I read clear through was Chip the Dam Builder. It was about beavers（河貍）. For the first time in my life I was lost in another world. No television program had ever taken me so far away from my surroundings as did this virtue visit to a cold stream in a forest and these animals building a home.
It didn’t dawn on me at the time, but the experience was quite different from watching TV. There were images forming in my mind instead of before my eyes. And I could return to them again and again with the flip（快速翻動(dòng)）of a page.
Soon I began to look forward to visiting this quiet sanctuary form my other world. I moved from animals to plants, and then to rocks. Between the covers of all those books were whole worlds, and I was free to go anywhere in them. Along the way a funny thing happened: I started to know things. Teachers started to notice it too. I got to the point where I couldn’t wait to get home to my books.
Now my older brother is an engineer and I am chief of pediatric neurosurgery(兒童神經(jīng)外科)at John Hopkins Children’s Center in Baltimore. Sometimes I still can’t believe my life’s journey, from a failing and indifferent student in a Detroit public school to this position, which takes me all over the world to teach and perform critical surgery.
But I know when the journey began the day Mom switched off the TV set and put us in her Oldsmobile for that drive to the library.
【小題1】We can learn from the beginning of the passage that ___________.

A．the author and his brother had done well in school
B．the author had been very concerned about his school work
C．the author had spent much time watching TV after school
D．the author had realized how important schooling was
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B．He came from a single-parent family.
C．His mother worked as a cleaner.
D．His mother had received little education.
【小題3】How did the two boys feel about going to the library at first?
A．They were afraidB．They were reluctant.
C．They were impatient.D．They were eager to go.
【小題4】The author began to love books for the following reasons EXCEPT that ___________.
A．he began to see something in his mind
B．he could visualize what he read in his mind
C．he could go back to read the books again
D．he realized that books offered him new experience

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Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious
The everyday signs of conscientiousness (認(rèn)真盡責(zé))—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一絲不茍的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.
Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.
Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (緩沖) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.
There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.
But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.
When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自發(fā)性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013年全國(guó)普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（江蘇卷解析版） 題型：填空題

Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious

The everyday signs of conscientiousness (認(rèn)真盡責(zé))—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一絲不茍的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.

Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.

Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (緩沖) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.

There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.

But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.

When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自發(fā)性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.

 

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