Question

【題目】In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.Others say that competition is bad；that it sets one person against another；that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

I have taught many children who held the belief that their self worth relied (依賴)on how well they performed at tennis and other skills.For them，playing well and winning are often life and death affairs. In their single minded pursuit(追求)of success, the development, of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

However，while some seem to be lost in die desire to succeed，others take an opposite attitude.In a culture which values only die winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players，they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people，I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying，they always have an excuse：“I may have lost，but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.”What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost，that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly，this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve(緩解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.

【1】What does this passage mainly talk about?

A. Opinions about competition are different among people.

B. Competition helps to set up self-respect.

C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.

D. Failures are necessary experiences in competition.

【2】Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?

A. It builds up a sense of duty.

B. It pushes society forward.

C. It improves personal abilities.

D. It encourages individual efforts.

【3】What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”?

A. One’s success in competition needs great efforts.

B. One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others.

C. One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.

D. One’s success is based on how hard he has tried.

【4】Which point of view may the author agree to?

A. Every effort should be paid back.

B. Competition should be paid back.

C. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.

D. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】B

【4】C

【解析】

試題分析：本文論述的是關(guān)于競爭的爭論。作者認(rèn)為這個基本的和棘手的恐懼開始緩解,我們能找到一種新的競爭的定義.

【1】A主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.Others say that competition is bad；that it sets one person against another；that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. 在現(xiàn)代社會,有許多關(guān)于競爭的爭論. 有一些人相信這是對社會進步和繁榮的負(fù)責(zé);另一些人認(rèn)為競爭是有害的,因為這會讓一個人去對抗另一個人,更會導(dǎo)致人們不友好的關(guān)系.

【2】B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. 有一些人相信這是對社會進步和繁榮的負(fù)責(zé)。故選B。

【3】B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二、三句Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly，this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. 一些失敗是很好的判定自己價值的措施. 清楚的是, 這個信念真正的競爭對手會試圖證明自己.兩者都會有一個錯誤的認(rèn)識,這個認(rèn)識是他們要對比對手的完成的情況.兩者都害怕自己的價值不能體現(xiàn). 故選B。

【4】C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve(緩解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.這個基本的和棘手的恐懼開始緩解,我們能找到一種新的競爭的定義. 故選C。

【名師點撥】

通常細(xì)節(jié)題的正確選項有以下特征：

1、對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進行替換。把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞，成為正確選項。

2、詞性或者語態(tài)的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，或者改變原文句子的語態(tài)，給考生制造障礙。

3、語言簡化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象進行簡化，成為正確答案。

4、正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項（適用于尋找錯誤選項的題目）。

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. 有一些人相信這是對社會進步和繁榮的負(fù)責(zé)。故選B。B選項It pushes society forward.和文章中it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.是表達(dá)了相同的意思。如果抓住了這一點，就很容易找到答案。