【題目】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

The most effective way 【1】(fight) global warming is to plant lots of trees, a study has said. And there is enough space for new trees to cover 3.5 million square miles, Swiss 【2】(scientist) reported in Science. That area is roughly the size 【3】the United States.

The study calculated that over the decades, those new trees could suck up nearly 830 billion tons of heat-trapping carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. That’s about as much carbon pollution 【4】humans have caused in the past 25 years.

Six nations with the most room for new trees 【5】(be) Russia, the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil and China.

Study co-author Thomas Crowther 【6】(figure) that there were other more effective ways besides 【7】(cut) emissions ( 排放物 ), such as people switching from meat-eating to vegetarianism. But, he said, tree planting was by far the cheapest climate change solution.

Thomas Lovejoy, a George Mason University conservation biologist, called it “a good news story” because planting trees would also help promote the 【8】(protect) of biodiversity.

“It is not easy or realistic to think the world will suddenly start planting trees everywhere, although many groups have started,” Crowther said. “It’s 【9】(certain) a monumental challenge, 【10】 is exactly what people are saying about the problem of climate change.”

【答案】

【1】to fight

【2】scientists

【3】of

【4】as

【5】are

【6】figured

【7】cutting

【8】protection

【9】certainly

【10】which

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)研究表明，對(duì)抗全球變暖最有效的方法是種植大量的樹木。

【1】考查不定式作定語。句意：一項(xiàng)研究表明，對(duì)抗全球變暖的最有效的方法是種植大量的樹木。根據(jù)The most effective way可知，此處要用不定式作定語，表示動(dòng)作還沒有發(fā)生，to fight global warming對(duì)抗全球變暖的，修飾名詞way。故填to fight。

【2】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：瑞士科學(xué)家在《科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表報(bào)告稱，新種植的樹木有足夠的空間覆蓋350萬平方英里的土地。根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞reported可知此處要用名詞做主語，且scientist是可數(shù)名詞，前面沒有不定冠詞限定。所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示瑞士的科學(xué)家們。故填scientists。

【3】考查介詞。句意：這個(gè)地區(qū)的面積大約相當(dāng)于美國(guó)。the size of…...的大小，of表示所屬。故填of。

【4】考查定語從句。句意：這相當(dāng)于人類在過去25年里所造成的碳污染。短語as…as像…一樣，此處是用as引導(dǎo)的定語從句humans have caused in the past 25 years，先行詞為carbon pollution，as在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語。故填as。

【5】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：俄羅斯、美國(guó)、加拿大、澳大利亞、巴西和中國(guó)是六個(gè)新樹生長(zhǎng)空間最大的國(guó)家。此處要用謂語動(dòng)詞，且描述現(xiàn)在的事情，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是Six nations，因此用are。故填are。

【6】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：該研究的合著者托馬斯·克勞瑟認(rèn)為，除了減排之外，還有其他更有效的方法，比如人們從吃肉轉(zhuǎn)向素食。根據(jù)there were可知此處時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，且主語是Study co-author Thomas Crowther，缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，要用動(dòng)詞的過去式。故填figured。

【7】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：該研究的合著者托馬斯·克勞瑟認(rèn)為，除了減排之外，還有其他更有效的方法，比如人們從吃肉轉(zhuǎn)向素食。besides“除…之外”是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故填cutting。

【8】考查名詞。句意：?jiǎn)讨蚊飞髮W(xué)的保護(hù)生物學(xué)家托馬斯·洛夫喬伊稱這是“一個(gè)好消息”，因?yàn)橹矘溥�有助于促進(jìn)對(duì)生物多樣性的保護(hù)。根據(jù)冠詞the可知此處要用名詞。故填protection。

【9】考查副詞。句意：“這當(dāng)然是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，這正是人們對(duì)氣候變化問題的看法�！贝颂幰酶痹~修飾句子。故填certainly。

【10】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：“這當(dāng)然是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，這正是人們對(duì)氣候變化問題的看法�！贝颂幨怯�which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，先行詞是challenge，指物，且which在句中作主語。故填which。

第5小題考查了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法如下：

1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue. 天空是藍(lán)色的。

2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day. 我每天六點(diǎn)起床。

3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.be動(dòng)詞：主語+be（am，is，are）其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一個(gè)男孩。

2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語+行為動(dòng)詞（+其它）。如：We study English我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。

當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)（he，she，it）時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加-s或-es。如：

Mary likes Chinese瑪麗喜歡漢語。

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用的時(shí)間詞：often，usually，sometimes，every day（week，year..）等。

A.第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞后要加s或es，其變化規(guī)則與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法大體相同：

1.一般情況下只在動(dòng)詞后加s，如work-works，write-writes.

2.以o，s，x，sh，ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，后加-es，如guess-guesses，mix-mixes，finish-finishes，catch-catches.

3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，改y為i加-es，如study-studies.

注：不規(guī)則變化的有 have-has

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