【題目】Science textbooks around the world have become suddenly out of date. Four new chemical elements(元素)have been added to the periodic table. A big decision now lies ahead-elements 113,115,117 and 118 need to be given their official names and symbols.

New elements can be named after a mythical(神話的) concept, a mineral, a place or country, a property(性質(zhì)) or a scientist. The names have to be unique and maintain “historical and chemical consistency”. This means a lot of “-iums”.

“They’re Latinising the name,” explains chemist Andrea Sella. “The most recent tradition is to name them after places or people.” The places chosen tend to be where the element was discovered or first produced.

No one has yet named an element after themselves but many elements are named in honour of important scientists. Albert Einstein was given einsteinium. This can also be a way of righting the wrongs of the past. “Lise Meitner was really the chemist who spotted nuclear fission(核裂變)but she was never really recognised for it because she was Jewish and a woman, ” says Sella. “Giving an element a name that reminds us of her is greatly important. ”

The naming process isn’t quick. The scientists who discovered them will start things off by suggesting a name. But it will be down to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) to approve it. A special division of the US-based group has to accept the suggestion. Then there is a public review period of five months before the IUPAC gets the final approval. Once it’s ready, the name is announced in the scientific journal Pure and Applied Chemistry.

Naming an element is not just about functionality. Names are always important.

【1】What is the function of Paragraph 1?

A. To introduce the topic.

B. To present a finding.

C. To point out a problem.

D. To call for a decision,

【2】Why was Lise Meitner mentioned in the naming process in Paragraph 4?

A. To praise her.

B. To build her reputation.

C. To correct the wrongs of the past.

D. To end racial discrimination

【3】Who has the final say in the naming process of an element?

A. The scientist who discovered them.

B. The special division of US-based group.

C. The scientific journal Pure and Applied Chemistry,

D. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

【4】What i$ the passage mainly about?

A. How elements get their names.

B. Why science textbooks are out of date.

C. How new elements are discovered.

D. How functional naming an element is.

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】本文為一篇科普題材的說明文，文章主要介紹了 每當(dāng)一個新元素被發(fā)現(xiàn)之時我們該如何對其進(jìn)行命名，該用什么對其進(jìn)行命名，文章中介紹了我們可以用某段神話故事，某種物質(zhì)或是某個地名對其進(jìn)行命名文章的最后部分介紹了當(dāng)一個元素被發(fā)現(xiàn)之后又當(dāng)如何將其命名的名字得到許可。

【1】主旨大意題，同歸題目我們可以將答案定位到文章的第一段，A選項(xiàng)意為引出話題， B選項(xiàng)意為展示發(fā)現(xiàn)，C選項(xiàng)意為指出問題，D選項(xiàng)意為尋求建議，通過綜合分析該題應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇A項(xiàng)引出話題。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題，通過問題我們可以將答案定位到文章的第四段“ This can also be a way of righting the wrongs of the past.”這句話意為“這也可能是一種糾正過去錯誤的方式”因而該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題，通過分析問題“對于元素的命名過程誰具有最終得話語權(quán)？”可以將答案定位到文章的第五段“But it will be down to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) to approve it.”故該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【4】主旨大意題，A選項(xiàng)意為“元素是如何獲得自己的名字？”B選項(xiàng)意為“為什么科學(xué)文本總是過期？”C選項(xiàng)意為新元素是如何被發(fā)現(xiàn)的？”D項(xiàng)意為命名元素真是一項(xiàng)頗具程序性的事！”BCD三項(xiàng)不符合題意，故選擇A項(xiàng)。

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