Question

【題目】 Antiquities are ancient objects and artworks. Many people visit museums to view antiquities. They enjoy seeing these relics of the ancient world as a way of understanding past cultures and sometimes connecting with their own heritage.

Museums get works to show from many different sources. Sometimes they buy them. Other times they receive donations. Today there are strict guidelines forbidding art that has been stolen from other countries. However, antiquities that have been at museums for many years or even centuries may have arrived there by dishonest means. Now, some countries say that museums have a duty to return these antiquities to their original locations.

Should museums return the antiquities? Experts disagree. Malcolm Bell says yes. Bell is a professor of art at the University of Virginia. He says, “Many antiquities and works of art have special cultural value for a particular community or nation. When these works are taken from their original cultural setting, they lose their context and the culture loses a part of its history.”

According to Bell, a country’s request for the return of an antiquity “usually has a strong legal basis.” “It was exported (出口) illegally, probably also dug out illegally, and is now stolen property (財物).” He called the return of antiquities “an expression of justice”.

James Cuno says not always. Cuno is the president of the J. Paul Getty Trust, an art museum in Los Angeles. Cuno agrees that museums have a legal duty to return illegally exported antiquities. However, he doesn’t support the return of works which were got legally. “Land held today by a given nation-state in the past likely belonged to a different country...even if one wanted to return those stolen works of art, where would one do so? Which among the many countries, cities, and museums that own parts of a work of art should be the home of the returned work?” Cuno believes that museums should collect art from the world’s various cultures. This should be done “through buying or long-term loan (長期租借) and working together with museums and nations around the world.”

This debate is far from over. As a complex question with no easy answer, the issue requires more study.

【1】What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?

A.Museums got antiquities through various means.

B.Antiquities from other countries are more valuable.

C.Antiquities are greatly appreciated by foreign visitors.

D.Museums around the world have lost many antiquities.

【2】Both Bell and Cuno seem to agree that ___________.

A.illegally-owned antiquities should not be shown

B.museums should return illegally-owned antiquities

C.antiquities from other countries may lose its cultural value

D.museums should collect antiquities from different cultures

【3】What is the author’s attitude toward the issue?

A.Positive.B.Negative.

C.Objective.D.Uninterested.

【4】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

I: Introduction P: Point SP: Sub-point C: Conclusion

A.B.

C.D.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

這是一篇議論文。文章主要說明了博物館中一些通過不正當(dāng)手段得來的文物是否應(yīng)該歸還的問題，一些專家不同意歸還，而另一些則認(rèn)為應(yīng)該歸還，這場辯論遠(yuǎn)未結(jié)束。這是一個復(fù)雜的問題，沒有簡單的答案，需要更多的研究。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Museums get works to show from many different sources. Sometimes they buy them. Other times they receive donations.可知博物館展出的作品來自許多不同的來源。有時他們會購買。其他時候他們接受捐贈。由此可知，博物館通過各種方式獲得古物。故選A。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中According to Bell, a country’s request for the return of an antiquity “usually has a strong legal basis.” “It was exported illegally, probably also dug out illegally, and is now stolen property.” He called the return of antiquities “an expression of justice”.可知Bell說，一個國家要求歸還文物“通常有很強(qiáng)的法律依據(jù)”�！八�是非法出口的，也可能是非法挖出來的，現(xiàn)在是贓物�！彼�稱歸還文物是“正義的表現(xiàn)”。以及倒數(shù)第二段中Cuno agrees that museums have a legal duty to return illegally exported antiquities.可知Cuno也認(rèn)為，博物館有法律義務(wù)歸還非法出口的文物。由此可知，Bell 和Cuno都同意博物館應(yīng)該歸還非法擁有的文物。故選B。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段This debate is far from over. As a complex question with no easy answer, the issue requires more study.可知這場辯論遠(yuǎn)未結(jié)束。這是一個復(fù)雜的問題，沒有簡單的答案，需要更多的研究。由此可推知，文中沒有提到作者對此的看法，作者對于這個問題的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C。

【4】推理判斷題。分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第一段起總起作用，說明博物館中有許多藝術(shù)品；第二段介紹文章主旨，說明博物館中藝術(shù)品和古物的來源，以及提出博物館是否應(yīng)當(dāng)歸還通過不正當(dāng)手段得來的文物；第三段為第一個次要點(diǎn)，即專家不同意博物館歸還文物；第四、五段為第二個次要點(diǎn)，說明一些人同意博物館歸還文物的做法；最后一段為總結(jié)段。故D選項最符合文章結(jié)構(gòu)圖。故選D。

觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題

常問作者對某事是什么態(tài)度：主觀（subjective）還是客觀（objective）；肯定（positive）還是否定（negative）；贊成（approval）還是反對（opposition）等等。解題的關(guān)鍵是要看作者在文中用了什么樣的口氣。

確定作者態(tài)度，可以有兩種思路：

1、問全文主體事物的(包括主題)，可以根據(jù)闡述主題或有關(guān)主體事物的相關(guān)句中的形容詞、副詞或動詞確定作者的態(tài)度；

2、如果問的是對某一具體事物的態(tài)度，則可以定位到具體相關(guān)句，然后確定答案。

如第三小題，根據(jù)最后一段This debate is far from over. As a complex question with no easy answer, the issue requires more study.可知這場辯論遠(yuǎn)未結(jié)束。這是一個復(fù)雜的問題，沒有簡單的答案，需要更多的研究。由此可推知，文中沒有提到作者對此的看法，作者對于這個問題的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C。