B
The fiddler crab (蟹) is a living clock. It indicates the time of day by the colour of its skin, which is dark by day and pale by night. The crab’s changing colour follows a regular twenty-four hour plan that exactly matches the daily rhythm of the sun.
Does the crab actually keep time, or does its skin simply answer to the sun’s rays, changing colour according to the amount of light which strikes it? To find out, biologists kept crabs in a dark room for two months. Even without daylight, the crab’s skin colour continued to change exactly on time.
This characteristic probably developed gradually in answer to the daily rising and setting of the sun, to help protect the crab from sunlight and enemies. After millions of years it has become completely controlled inside the living body of the crab.
The biologists noticed that once each day the colour of the fiddler crab is especially dark, and that each day this happens fifty minutes later than on the day before. From this they discovered that each crab follows not only the rhythm of the sun but also that of the tides (潮水). The crab’s period of greatest darkening is exactly the time of low tide on the beach where it was caught!
40. The crab’s changing colour _______.
A. tells the crab what time it is 
B. protects the crab from the sunlight and enemies
C. keeps the crab warm            
D. is of no real use
41. When the fiddler crabs were kept in the dark, they _______.
A. did not change colour          B. changed colour more quickly
C. changed colour more slowly     D. changed colour on the same timetable
42. The crab’s colour—changing ability was probably developed _______.
A. in the process of evolution (進化)   B. over millions of years
C. by the work of biologists          D. both A and B  
43. The best title for this selection would be _______.
A. The Sun and the Tides             B. Discoveries in Biology
C. A scientific Study                 D. A Living Clock

C
Have you ever picked a job based on the fact that you were good at it but later found it made you feel very uncomfortable over time? When you select your career, there’s whole lot more to it than assessing your skills and matching them with a particular position. If you ignore your personality, it will hurt you long-term regardless of your skills or the job's pay. There are several areas of your personality that you need to consider to help you find a good job. Here are a few of those main areas:
1) Do you prefer working alone or with other people?
There are isolating(使孤立) jobs that will drive an outgoing person crazy and also interactive jobs that will make a shy person uneasy. Most people are not extremes in either direction but do have a tendency that they prefer. There are also positions that are sometimes a combination of the two, which may be best for someone in the middle who adapts easily to either situation.
2) How do you handle change?
Most jobs these days have some elements of change to them, but some are more than others. If you need stability in your life, you may need a job where the changes don't happen so often. Other people would be bored of the same daily routine.
3) Do you enjoy working with computers?
I do see this as a kind of personality characteristic. There are people who are happy to spend more than 40 hours a week on a computer, while there are others who need a lot of human interaction throughout the day. Again, these are extremes and you'll likely find a lot of positions somewhere in the middle as well.
4) What type of work environment do you enjoy? 
This can range from being in a large building with a lot of people you won't know immediately to a smaller setting where you'll get to know almost all the people there fairly quickly.
5) How do you like to get paid?  
Some people are motivated by the pay they get, while others feel too stressed to be like that. The variety of payment designs in the sales industry is a typical example for this.
Anyway, these are a great starting point for you. I've seen it over and over again with people that they make more money over time when they do something they love. It may take you a little longer, but making a move to do what you have a passion for can change the course of your life for the better.
49．This passage mainly talks about the importance of _______.
A．different jobs      B．personalities    C．personal skills     D．job’s pay
50．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Isolating jobs usually drive people mad.
B．Interactive jobs make people shy easily.
C．Extreme people tend to work with others.
D．Almost everyone has a tendency in jobs.
51．What is the missing word about a job search in the following chart?
A．Design   B．Skills     C．Cooperation    D．Hobbies
 
52．What is the best title for this passage?
A．Lifestyles and Job Pay    B．Jobs and Environment
C．Job Skills and Abilities    D．Personalities and Jobs

完型填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）
There are more than forty universities in Britain—nearly twice as many as in 1960.  During the 1960s eight completely new ones more founded, and ten other new ones were created
__16__ converting old colleges of technology into universities.  In the same period the__17__of students more than doubled, from 70, 000 to __18__ than 200, 000.  By 1973 about 10% of men aged from eighteen __19__twenty one were in universities and about 5% of women. 
??All the universities are private institutions. Each has its __20__governing councils,  _21__some local businessmen and local politicians as__22__as a few academics（大學教師）.  The state began to give grants to them fifty years __23__, and by 1970 each university derived nearly all its __24__from state grants.  Students have to _25_ fees and living costs, but every student may receive from the local authority of the place __26_ he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay his full costs, including lodging and _27__unless his parents are __28__. Most __29__take jobs in the summer _30__about six weeks, but they do not normally do outside _31__during the academic year. The Department of Education takes __32__for the payments which cover the whole expenditure of the __33__, but it does not exercise direct control.  It can have important influence __34__new developments through its power to distribute funds, but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee, a body which is mainly _35__ of academics. 
16.  A. with           B. by           C. at               D. into
17.  A. amount         B. quantity      C. lot              D. number
18.  A. more           B. much        C. less             D. fewer
19.  A. with           B. to          C. from             D. beyond
20.  A. self            B. kind         C. own             D. personal
21.  A. making        B. consisting ?  C. including          D. taking
22.  A. good          B. long          C. little       ??   D. well
23.  A. ago           B. before         C. after ??        D. ever
24.  A. suggestions    B. grades???   C. profits           D. funds
25.  A. make        B. pay           C. change ??      D. delay
26.  A. what         B. which         C. where ??        D. how
27.  A. living        B. drinking       C. food             D. shelter
28.  A. poor         B. generous       C. kindhearted          D. rich
29.  A. professor     B. students ???C. politicians           D. businessmen
30.  A. at           B. since          C. with                D. for
31.  A. travel        B. work ???   C. experiment          D. study
32.  A. responsibility  B. advice         C. duty ??          D. pleasure
33.  A. government   B. school ?       C. universities ?      D. committees
34.  A. at           B. to             C. on                 D. form
35.  A. consisted     B. composed ?    C. made               D. taken

D
A sunflower is a sunflower . A mobile phone is a mobile phone . But can you combine the two to do something for your local environment?
As early as next year it may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able to bury it in the garden or a plant pot and wait for it to flower. A biodegradable (能進行生物遞降分解的) mobile phone was, this month, introduced by scientists.
Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other plastic and can be hard or soft, and able to change shape. Overtime it can also break down into the soil without giving out any toxic chemicals. British researchers used the new material to develop a phone cover that contains a sunflower seed. When this new type of cover turns into waste, it forms nitrates (硝酸鉀). These feed the seed and help the flower grow. Engineers have designed a small transparent window to hold the seed. They have made sure it only grows when the phone is thrown away. "We've only put sunflower seeds into the covers so far. But we are working with plant experts to find out which flowers would perform best. Maybe we could put roses in next time," said one scientist.
As phone technology is developing so quickly people are constantly  throwing their mobiles away. This means manufacturers are under pressure to find ways of recycling them. Some 650 million mobile phones have been sold this year. Most of them will be thrown away within two years, adding plastic, heavy metal and chemical waste to the environment. A biodegradable cover can offer some relief for nature, according to the scientists. "The seed is released and the flower grows in the pot so you don't have to concern yourself with the phone when you have finished using it," said Kerry Kirwan. She leads the research team, which is based at the University of Warwick in Britain.
67. The main idea of the passage is ________ .
A. the relationship between high tech and environment
B. the phone technology is developing
C. how to grow sunflowers
D. mobile phone and environment
68. The purpose of introducing a biodegradable mobile phone is ______ .
A. to encourage consumers to recycle
B. to prevent consumers from throwing their phones away
C. to meet consumers’ need
D. to help consumers know which flower can best perform
69. What is the possible meaning of the underlined word ?
A. pleasant    B. poisonous    C. useful    D. new
70. Which of the following statements is NOT true ?
A.Engineers have designed a small transparent window to hold the rose seed .
B. Mobiles with biodegradable covers can do good to nature .
C.Manufacturers are under pressure to find ways of recycling mobiles .
D. The flower only grows when the phone is thrown away .

(D)
Malaria, the world's most widespread parasitic（寄生蟲引起的）disease, kills as many as three million people every year—almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't （or can't） seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.
Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect （感染）. They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn't kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth—and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.
For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.
76. According to paragraph 1, many people don't seek care because _______.
A. they are too poor
B. it is unusual to seek care
C. they can remain unaffected for long
D. there are too many people suffering from the disease
77. People suffering from malaria _______.
A. have to kill female mosquitoes      B. have ability to defend parasites
C. have their red blood cells infected    D. have sudden fever, followed by chills
78. Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?
A. Its resistance to global warming.
B. Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.
C. Its outbreaks in cities with large populations.
D. Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.
79. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.            .
A. no drugs have been found to treat the disease
B. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people
C. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites
D. nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease
80. Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?
A. How can we know one is suffering from malaria?
B. How many people are killed by malaria each year?
C. Why are there so many people suffering from malaria?
D. What has been done to keep people unaffected for long?

C
It happened one morning 20 years ago. A British scientist Alec Jeffrey came across DNA fingerprinting: He identified the patterns of genetic material that are unique to almost every individual. His discovery changed everything from the way we do criminal investigations to the way we decide family law. But the professor of genetics at the University of Leicester, UK, is still surprised, and a bit worried, by the power of the technology he released upon the world.
The patterns within DNA are unique to each individual, except identical twins, who share the same pattern. The ability to identify these patterns has been used to convict(證明…有罪) murderers and to clear people who are wrongly accused. It is also used to identify the victims of war and settle disputes over who is the father of a child.
Jeffrey said he and his colleagues made the discovery by accident while tracking genetic
variations(變異). But, within six months of the discovery, genetic fingerprinting had been used in an immigration case, to prove that an African boy really was his parents’ son.·In 1986, it was used for the first time in a British criminal case: It cleared one suspect after being accused of two murders and helped convict another man.
DNA testing is now very common. In Britain, a national criminal database established in 1995 now contains 2.5 million DNA samples. The U.S. and Canada are developing similar systems. But there are fears about the stored DNA samples and how they could be used to harm a person’s privacy. That includes a person’s medical history, racial origin or psychological profile. “There is the long-term risk that people can get into these samples and start getting additional information about a person’s paternity(父子關系) or risk of disease,” Jeffrey said.
DNA testing is not an unfailing proof of identity. Still, it is considered a reasonably reliable system for determining the things it is used for. Jeffrey estimates the probability of two individuals’ DNA profiles matching in the most commonly used tests at one in a billion.
62. According to the text, DNA testing can NOT be used in _______ .
A. doing criminal investigations        B. deciding faraily law
C. clearmg wrongly accused people     D. telling twins apart
63. DNA samples are not popular with all the people because _______ .
A. the government in Britain establishes a criminal database
B. the US and Canada develop similar systems
C. DNA samples can be used to harm a person’s privacy
D. DNA testing is too expensive and dangerous now
64. Where will you most probably find this article?
A. In a guidebook.                   B. In a storybook.
C. In a science fiction.               D. In a scientific magazine.
65. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Discovery of DNA testing by Jeffery  B. Practice of DNA testing in court
C. DNA testing in the present situation   D.Benefits and side effects of DNA testing

B
Events such as hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, and tornadoes are all natural disasters. They are mostly related to the weather. Some are predictable ----like a hurricane. Some, like an earthquake, surprise us. It is necessary for us to learn about them, so we can be prepared!
Flooding happens during heavy rains, when rivers overflow, when ocean waves come onshore, when snow melts too fast or when dams or banks break. Flooding is the most common of all natural disasters.
Hurricanes are severe tropical storms that form in the southern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and in the Pacific Ocean. Hurricanes gather heat and energy through contact with warm ocean waters. Evaporation(蒸發(fā)) from the sea water increases their power.
Hurricanes have winds at least 74 miles per hour. When they come onto land, the heavy rain, strong winds and heavy waves can damage buildings, trees and cars.
Tornadoes are nature’s most violent storms. Tornadoes must always be taken seriously. Tornadoes can be very dangerous ---- sometimes even deadly. They come from powerful thunderstorms and appear as moving. Tornado winds can reach 300 miles per hour. They cause damage when they land the ground. They can damage an area one mile wide and 50 miles long.
While thunder won't hurt you ----lightning will! So it's important to pay attention when you hear thunder. Thunderstorms happen mostly in summer and every thunderstorm has lightning. Lightning can strike people and buildings, which is very dangerous.
Thunderstorms affect small areas when compared with hurricanes and winter storms. The typical thunderstorm is 15 miles in diameter and lasts an average of 30 minutes.
A volcano is a mountain with a large opening at the top through which melting rock, steam, gases escape from time to time with violent force from inside the earth. When pressure increases, eruptions occur. Gases and rock shoot up through the opening fill the air with small pieces. Eruptions can cause lava flows, hot ash flows, mudslides, falling ash and floods, which is likely to knock down entire forests, cause floods and earthquakes. Fresh volcanic ash can cause damage to the lungs of older people, babies and people with respiratory problems.
64. From the passage, we know that ______.
A. all natural disasters can be predicted 
B. all natural disasters are connected with the weather.
C. human beings can do nothing with natural disasters
D. the more we know about natural disasters, the less we will suffer.
65. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Flooding is the most common natural disaster. 
B. Hurricanes and tornadoes can land the ground and cause damage.
C. Thunder can strike people and buildings.          
D. Fresh volcanic ash can cause illnesses.

Polly Townsend
PART THREE  READING COMPREHENSION
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage. (20%)
A
“Mummy, I don’t know what to play with. ” Steve interrupts his mother, who is talking to a friend, for the fourth time. “You’ve got a room full of toys!” his mother says, impatiently, In fact it is the jumble of toys which is to blame for four -year-old Steve's lack of interest in his dolls, cars and stuffed （packed）animals. Each morning he tips out three washing baskets of toys all over his floor, listlessly pulls out something and shortly after is standing at his mother’s desk or following her into the kitchen saying: “Mummy, I am bored.”
A family therapist（治療專家）explains why children lose interest when they have a whole “toy shop” at home : “According to their brain development, little children are not in a position to judge the quality of a variety of things at once. There is always just one favorite toy for the moment. All the rest is left lying about.” What can parents do to stop their children from being oversupplied with toys? Under no conditions simply make something disappear without the child’s knowledge. If he/she takes no more notice of a toy, a parent can ask if it can be stored or given away. Be warned though the child will help. Lyn is the mother of four-year-old Jessie, and holds the toys and books that are the current（at present）favorites. When it seems to her that her daughter is tired from a cupboard in another room. The box of “old” toys goes into the cupboard. When her child says she is “bored”, they also get something from her cupboard—it may be something she has had for some time but because she hasn’t seen it for a while it is almost like a new toy.
　　Some favorite toys stay out all the time, and there is collection of dolls which sits in the comer, but in this way Lyn has found that she has fewer toys to put away at the end of the day and her daughter always has something “fresh” to play with.
66. Steve interrupted his mother several times because________.
　　A. he felt uninterested in his toys       　      B. he disliked his mother’s guest
　　C. he didn't have enough toys to play with　       D. he hoped his mother would play with him
67. According to the therapist, children often complain that they have nothing, to play with because________.
　　A. they can’t play alone for a long time
　　B. they are too young to play with so many toys
　　C. they are too lazy to pick out their favorites
　　D. they lack the ability to value too many things at a time
68. Which of the following can be used in place of the underlined word “jumble ”？
　　A. Simple choice.                   　      B. Mixture in disorder.
　　C. Ordinary appearance.　                   D. Same shape.
69. Which is the advice given to parents in the text?________.
　　A. Buy fewer toys for their children  　     
B. Form good habits for their children
　　C. Spare some time to play with their children   
D.Put some toys away without telling their children

B
As a result of pollution, Lake Erie, on the borders of the USA and Canada, is now without any living things.
Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons” killing large numbers of fish overnight, Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organisms（生物體）to be affected are either plants or plankton(浮游生物). But these organisms are the food of fish and birds and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it’s not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the seashore that people realize what is happening.
　　Where do the substances which pollute the water come from? There are two main sources of sewage（下水道污物）and industrial waste. As more detergent（洗滌劑）is used in the home, so more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas. Detergents harm water birds, dissolving the natural substances which keep their feathers water-proof (防水). Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful as there are many highly poisonous things in it, such as copper and lead.
　　So, if we want to stop this pollution, the answer is simple: sewage and industrial waste must be made clear before flowing into the water. It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.
70. Pollution of water is noticed________.
　　A. when the first organisms are affected　     
B. when a good many fish and birds die
　　C. when poisonous things are poured into water　
D. as soon as the balance of nature is destroyed
71.The living things die because there is no ________in the lake or river.
　　A. water　　　　　            B. fish           　 C. poison　　　　　  D. oxygen
72. Which of the following is harmful according to the passage?
　　A. Organisms              　B. Plants and plankton in the water
　　C. Waste water from cleaning    D. Industrial waste made clear before flowing into the water
73. The way to stop water pollution is to________.
　　A. realize the serious situation clearly
　　B. put oxygen into the river
　　C. make the waste material harmless before flowing into the water
　　D. make special room in the sea for our rubbish

D
Can trees talk? Yes --- but not in words. Scientists have reason to believe that trees do communicate with each other. Not long ago, researchers learned some surprising things. First a willow tree  (柳樹) attacked in the woods by caterpillars (毛毛蟲) changed the chemistry of its leaves and made them tasteless so that the caterpillars got tired of the leaves and stopped eating them. The even more astonishing, the tree sent out a special vapor--- a signal causing its neighbors to change the chemistry of their own leaves and make themselves taste also terrible.
Communication, of course, doesn’t need to be always in words. We can talk to each other by smiling, raising our shoulders and moving our hands. We know that birds and animals use a whole vocabulary of songs, sounds and movements. Bees dance their signals, flying in certain patterns that tell other bees where to find nectar (花蜜) for honey. So shy shouldn’t trees have ways of sending messages?
71.When attacked, a willow tree will protect itself by _______.
A. changing its leaves’ chemistry         B. changing its leaves’ color
C. talking to caterpillars                      D. sending a special vapor
72. From the passage we know that caterpillars _______.
A. like willow trees                            B. enjoy eating fallen leaves
C. feed on willow tree leaves     D. could communicate with willow trees
73.Caterpillars will stop eating willow tree leaves which _______
A . have a chemical change and become tasteless   B. have a pleasant taste
C. are being attacked                                      D. are communicating
74.According to the passage, how do willow trees communicate with each other?
A. They talk in words.                               B. They send a special vapor.
C. They wave their leaves.                          D. They make special sounds.
75.According to the passage, bees communicate with each other by _______.
A. talking                     B. making unusual sounds
C. singing                     D. flying in certain patterns