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If you do not use your arm or your legs for some time, they become weak; when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault(過錯(cuò)). But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame(受責(zé)備), and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but usually they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things; they cannot write down in a little notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised. So if you want to have a good memory, learn from the people: Practice remembering.
1. The main reason for one is poor memory is that _______.
A. his father or mother may have a poor memory
B. He does not use his name or legs for some time
C. his memory is not often used
D. he can’t read or write
2. If you do not use your arms or legs for some time _______.
A. you can’t use them any more      
B. they will become stronger
C. they become weak and won’t become strong until you use them again.
D. they will become neither stronger nor weaker
3. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Your memory works in the same way as your arms or legs.
B. Your memory, like your arms or legs, becomes weak if you don’t give it enough chance for practice.
C. Don’t learn how to read and write if you want to have a better memory.
D. A good memory comes from more practice.
4. Some people can’t read or write, but they usually have better memories, because _______.
A. they have save much trouble           B. they have saved much time to remember things
C. they have to use their memories all the time  D. they can’t write everything in a little notebook
5. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. Don’t Stop Using Your Arms Or Legs      B. How To Have a Good Memory
C. Strong Arms And Good Memories         D. Learn From the People

While all my classmates seen to be crazy about a one-way ticket to Mars(火星), I’d rather say Mars is totally unsuitable for human existence. People won’t have enough food supplies there, and the terrible environment would make it impossible for them to live a long life. Besides, the journey won’t be safe. Can anybody explain to me just why people would go to Mars, never to return?
Steve Minear, UK
Here are the things you can think of: the desire to explore a foreign and unique environment, the excitement of being the first humans to open up a new world, the expectation of fame and glory…For scientists there is another reason. Their observations and research will probably lead to great scientific achievements.
Donal Trollop, Canada
There are already too many people on the Earth. I think that sometime before the end of the century, there will be a human colony(殖民地)on Mars. It will happen when people finally realize that tow-way trips to the red planet Mars are unnecessary. Most of the danger of space Flight is in the launches(發(fā)射) and landings. Cutting the trip home would therefore reduce the danger of accidents, save a lot of money, and open the way to building an everlasting human settlement on another world.
Enough supplies can be sent on ahead. And every two years more supplies and more people will needs, and Mars is far more pleasant than the other planets in the outer space.
Paul Davies. USA
小題1: The main purpose of Steve Minear’s writing is     .

A．to report his classmates’ discussion	B．to invite an answer to his question
C．to explain the natural state of Mars	D．to show his agreement on going to Mars

小題2:Which of the following best states Donal Trollop’s idea?

A．There is a plan to send humans to Mars.

B．There are many reasons for going to Mars.

C．Scientists become famous by doing research on Mars.

D．It is possible to build an Earth-like environment on Mars.

小題3:Paul Davies points out that      .

A．humans need only a one-way ticket to Mars.

B．two-way trips to Mars will be made safe soon

C．it is easy to reduce the danger and cost of flights to Mars

D．it is cheap to build an everlasting human settlement on Mars

小題4:What does Paul Davies think of human existence on Mars?

A．Humans will have to bring all they need from the Earth.

B．Humans will find Mars totally unsuitable for living.

C．Humans can produce everything they need.

D．Humans can live longer in the colony on Mars

Thirteen vehicles lined up last March to race across the Mojave Desert, seeking a million in prize money. To win, they had to finish the 142-mile race in less than 10 hours. Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all, because these vehicles were missing a key part －drivers.
DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields. But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance. One had its brake lock up in the starting area. Another began by throwing itself onto a wall. Another got tied up by bushes near the road after 1.9 miles.
One turned upside down. One took off in entirely the wrong direction and had to be disabled by remote (遠(yuǎn)距離的) control. One went a little more than a mile and rushed into a fence; another managed to go for six miles but stuck on a rock. The “winner,” if there was any, reached 7.8 miles before it ran into a long, narrow hole, and the front wheels caught on fire.
“You get a lot of respect for natural abilities of the living things,” says Reinhold Behringer, who helped design two of the car-size vehicles for a company called Sci-Autonics. “Even ants (螞蟻) can do all these tasks effortlessly . It’s very hard for us to put these abilities into our machines.”
The robotic vehicles, though with necessary modern equipment such as advanced computers and GPS guidance, had trouble figuring out fast enough the blocks ahead that a two-year-old human recognizes immediately, Sure, that very young child, who has just only learned to walk, may not think to wipe apple juice off her face, but she already knows that when there’s a cookie in the kitchen she has to climb up the table, and that when she gets to the cookie it will taste good. She is more advanced, even months old, than any machine humans have designed.
小題1:Watchers doubted if any of the vehicles could finish the race because        .

A．they did not have any human guidance

B．the road was not familiar to the drivers

C．the distance was too long for the vehicles

D．the prize money was unattractive to the drivers

小題2:DARPA organized the race in order to         .

A．raise money for producing more robotic vehicles

B．push the development of vehicle industry

C．train more people to drive in the desert

D．improve the vehicles for future wars

小題3:From the passage we know “robotic vehicles” are a kind of machines that         .

A．can do effortlessly whatever tasks living thing can

B．can take part in a race across 142 miles with a time limit

C．can show off their ability to turn themselves upside down

D．can move from place to place without being driven by human beings

小題4:In the race, the greatest distance one robotic vehicle covered was          .

A．a(chǎn)bout eight miles	B．six miles
C．a(chǎn)lmost two miles	D．a(chǎn)bout one mile

小題5:In the last paragraph, the writer implies that there is a long way to go         .

A．for a robotic vehicle to finish a 142-mile race without any difficulties

B．for a little child who has just learned to walk to reach the cookie on the table

C．for a robotic vehicle to deal with a simple problem that a little child can solve

D．for a little child to understand the importance of wiping apple juice off its face

Flying over a desert in an airplane, two scientists looked down with trained eyes at trees and bushes. After an hour's flight one of the scientists wrote in his notebook, "Look here for probable metal." Walking across hilly ground, four scientists reported, "This ground should be searched for metals." From an airplane over a hilly wasteland a scientist sent back by radio one word "Uranium".
None of the scientists had X-ray eyes: they had no magic powers for looking down below the earth's surface. They were merely putting to use one of the newest methods of locating minerals in the ground -- using trees and plants as signs that certain minerals may lie under the ground on which the trees and plants are growing.
This newest method of searching for minerals is based on the fact that minerals deep in the earth may affect the kind of bushes and trees that grow on the surface.
At Watson Bar Creek, a mineral search group gathered bags of tree seeds. Boxes were filled with small branches from the trees. Roots were dug and put into boxes. Each bag and box was carefully marked. In a scientific laboratory the parts of the forest trees were burned to ashes andtested. Each small part was examined to learn whether there were minerals in it.
Study of the roots, branches and seeds showed no silver. But there were small amount of gold in the roots and a little less gold in the branches and seeds. The seeds growing nearest to the tree trunk had more gold than those growing on the ends of the branches.
If the trees indicated that there was no gold in the ground, the scientists wouldn't spare money to pay for digging into the ground.
小題1:Scientists were flying over a desert or a hilly wasteland or a mountain region to ________.

A．train their eyes

B．study the trees

C．look for gold

D．search for minerals

小題2:The study of trees, branches and roots indicated that __________.

A．there were larger amounts of gold in the branches far from the tree trunk than in the seeds

B．there were smaller amounts of gold in the tree roots deep in the ground than in the branches

C．there were larger amounts of gold in the seeds growing closer to the tree trunk than in the seeds farther from it

D．there were larger amounts of gold in the branches than in the leaves on the ends of the branches

小題3:Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of a tree that can help the searchers?

A．Leaves.

B．Roots.

C．Branches.

D．Seeds.

小題4: Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?

A．Scientists searching for treasure with special equipment.

B．New methods of doing geological study.

C．Gold could be found in trees and plants.

D．A new method of searching for minerals.

Tests administered（實(shí)施）to most elementary and high-school students in the United States exert（發(fā)揮）an unfavorable influence on science and math teaching， according to a new ＄1 million study performed for the National Science Foundation．And because schools with high minority enrollments（入學(xué)）generally place a greater reliance（相信）on scores from these tests， the study finds，there tends to be “a gap in instructional emphases between high and low minority classrooms that differs from our national concern for the quality of education．”
George F．Madaus and his colleagues at Boston College analyzed not only the six most widely used national standardized tests， but also the tests designed to accompany（go with）the four most commonly used science and math texts in fourth-grade，eighth-grade，and high-school classrooms．Though curriculum（teaching program）experts argue that schools should place greater emphasis on problem solving and reasoning， the new study shows that the tests focus on lower-level skills—primarily mechanical memorization of routine formulas（公式）．
Researchers surveyed more than 2，200 math and science instructors，interviewing in depth some 300 teachers and administrators．Especially in schools with high minority enrollments，teachers reported feeling pressured to help students perform well on these tests．Some states judge schools and some schools determine teacher assignments（工作安排）based on students' test scores．
“With so much worry，”Madaus says，“teachers feel forced to focus their instruction on drilling what the tests will measure—at the expense of the more valuable，higher-level skills．”
小題1:The author of this article states that ____  _ ．

A．the tests don't affect teaching in most elementary and high schools

B．the science and math teaching is influenced by the present tests

C．no study is performed on tests for the National Science Foundation

D．the United States exerts a strong influence on science and math teaching

小題2:It can be inferred that in high minority classrooms ____  _ ．

A．the students can not get high score from the tests

B．scores from the tests are not important

C．instructional emphases are unfavourable

D．teaching doesn't focus on the quality of education

小題3:According to the second paragraph，the study has discovered that ____  _ ．

A．emphasis of teaching is on problem solving and reasoning

B．curriculum is good for national standardized tests

C．the tests mainly center around the memorization of some formulas

D．routine formulas are not useful for students to memorize

小題4:According to Madaus' opinion，teachers are forced to ____  _ ．

A．evaluate（評(píng)估）students' skills every year

B．suffer so much worry on the texts

C．teach what will be tested

D．focus their instruction on useful drillings

TLike most big projects, learning to manage your mother well is what you should do. Here are what I believe the best steps towards a better relationship with her. They are not necessarily surprising or revolutionary, but they have worked for many people. Try them.
Remember your mother’s age. As children, we often do not think of our mother as having an age. Even when we become conscious of her as an individual, age does not change our view; she is still our mother. Knowing our mother’s age, not just in numbers of years but in terms of her psychological and physical state, often helps us to understand her better.
Listen to your mother. I have found that sometimes the things my mother told me long ago are remarkably useful. If your mother knows that you respect her point of view, even if you do not share it, it will help her feel close to you.
Remember that your mother has a past. A key step in managing our relationship with our mother is to find out about her early life. Niclle’s mother suffered much during the Second War World War. “My parents are both Jewish-Turkish. They met in France and married young for love. They were in their twenties when war broke out and because they were Jews, they had to go into hiding. She does speak to me about the war, and I think it is important to know what she went through. It is a part of her life that must have affected her deeply. ” Sometimes, in learning about our mother’s past, we know that it can encourage us to think about her whole life.
Ask your mother about your childhood history. My grandparents died when I was young. If you are fortunate enough to have living family, think of your life as a jigsaw puzzle and ask as many questions as you can to put the picture together. Understanding your roots and your childhood can help you now more clearly who you are, as part of a family which you share with your mother.
Keep a sense of humor about your mother. When we hear about someone else’s misfortunes with their mothers and are amused by them, our laughter is one of recognition. I have often listened to stories of difficult mothers and I have also listened to the following piece of advice they have found most helpful is: “Don’t have a sense of humor failure about your mother. ”
Remember that managing your mother is really about managing yourself. Taking any measure to managing our mother is the issue of how we manage ourselves. No matter how difficult we find her, it is important to remember that is not her behavior it self that is causing us discomfort, but the way we feel about her behavior. We should follow the way of her life. At the heart of managing your mother is being able to accept your flawed self. Only then are you able to accept your mother—-with all her failings.
小題1:The followings are the steps you can take to get on with your mother EXCEPT________.

A．Remember your mother’s age and past

B．Share your roots and your childhood with your mother

C．Have a sense of humor failure about your mother

D．Managing your shortcoming while managing your mother

小題2:What does the underlined phrase “a jigsaw puzzle” mean?

A．拼圖玩具

B．瀏覽迷宮

C．填充字謎

D．游戲人生

小題3: Which of the following is implied but not stated in the passage?

A．It will help you have a better relationship with your mother if you respect her opinion.

B．You should follow a most useful piece of advice——a sense of humor.

C．The key measure of managing our mother is how we manage ourselves.

D．It is unreasonable to expect our mother to change totally from the way she was brought up.

小題4:The main purpose of writing the text is ________.

A．to give information about how we think of your mother.

B．to improve the relationship with your mother.

C．to keep a sense of humor about your mother all day long.

D．to accept your mother—-with all her failings.

A black hole is created when a large star burns out. Like our sun, stars are unbelievably hot furnaces (熔爐) that burn their own matter as fuel. When most of the fuel is used up, the star begins to die.
The death of a star is not a quiet event. First there is a huge explosion. As its outer layer is blasted off into space, the dying star shines as brightly as a billion suns.
After the explosion gravity pulls in what’s left of the star. As the outside of the star sinks toward the center, the star gets smaller and smaller. The material the star is made of becomes tightly packed together. A star is so dense that a teaspoon of matter from it weighs billion of pounds.
The more the star shrinks, the stronger the gravity inside it becomes. Soon the star is very tiny, and the gravity pulling it in is unbelievably strong. In fact, the gravity is so strong that it even pulls light into the star! Since all the light is pulled in, none can go out. The star becomes black when there is no light. Then a black hole is born!
That’s what we know about black holes. What we don’t know is this: What happens inside a black hole after the star has been squeezed into a tiny ball? Does it keep getting smaller and smaller forever? Such a possibility is hard to imagine.
But if the black hole doesn’t keep shrinking, what happens to it? Some scientists think black holes are like doorways to another world. They say that as the star disappears from our universe, it goes into another universe. In other words a black hole in our universe could turn into a “white hole” in a different universe. As the black hole swallows light, the white hole shines brightly—somewhere else. But where? A different place, perhaps, or a different time — many years in the past or future.
Could you travel through a black hole? Right now, no. Nothing we know of could go into a black hole without being crushed. So far the time being, black hole must remain a mystery.
Black holes are a mystery—but that hasn’t stopped scientists from dreaming about them. One scientist suggested that in the future we might make use of the power of black holes. They would supply all of Earth’s energy needs, with plenty to spare. Another scientist wondered if a black hole could some day be used to swallow earthly waste—a sort of huge waste disposal(處理) in the sky!
小題1:When the star begins to die ______.

A．there is no fuel left in it	B．its outer layer goes into space first
C．a(chǎn) huge explosion will happen	D．it doesn’t give off light any longer

小題2:Which of the following doesn’t help produce a black hole?

A．The gravity inside the star is very strong.	B．The light can’t go out of the star.
C．The star becomes smaller and smaller	D．The dying star shines very brightly.

小題3:The black hole ______.

A．continues becoming smaller and smaller all the time

B．goes into another universe and becomes a white hole

C．can pull in everything we know of in the world

D．will appear at another place at a different time

小題4:What’s the best title for this passage?

A．A New Scientific Discovery: Black Holes

B．How Do Black Holes Come Into Being?

C．What Are Black Holes?

D．Travel Through A Black Hole

International Studies (BA)
Key features
● Recognizes the “global community”（國(guó)際社會(huì)）
● Has close connections with practical research
● Much of the teaching is done in small discussion groups
About the course
The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.
The course puts theories into the working of the international system with close attention to particular countries. You will also have a better knowledge of methods of solving the international problems.
Related（相關(guān)的）courses
BA (Hons) Community Management
BA (Hons) Public Policy and Management
Employment possibilities
International organizations
International business
Earth Science (BSc)
Key features
● Based on key courses and the latest research findings
● Pays much attention to practical skills
● Offers chances for fieldwork（實(shí)地考察）
About the course
The demand for natural resources is becoming an increasingly serious problem for the future of mankind. Graduates in Earth Science will play an important role in meeting this demand, and in knowing the meaning of using the natural resources.
The course covers geography and geology. You will carry out fieldwork in the UK and possibly overseas, and a research in an area of interest to you in the final year.
Related courses
BSc (Hons) Geograhpy
BSc (Hons) Geology
Employment possibilities
Mineral, oil, water or other related engineering industries
小題1:International Studies is a course in ________.

A．international polities	B．international business
C．international systems	D．international bodies

小題2:After taking the course of International Studies, the students will _______.

A．become practical and open-minded

B．have a greater ability to discuss theories

C．know how to settle international problems

D．have good jobs in any international organizations

小題3: Earth Science, as described in the second text, ________.

A．is attractive because of the chances for fieldwork

B．pays more attention to practical skills than theories

C．is built on important courses and the results of recent studies

D．encourages students to play a role in using natural resources

小題4:It can be inferred that the above two texts are written for the students who _______.

A．enjoy research work	B．plan to choose courses
C．study in the UK	D．a(chǎn)re interested in overseas fieldwork

Having one of those days or weeks — when everything seems to annoy you? Even if you do nothing about it, your bad mood will probably go away after some time. But with a little effort, you can forget it much faster — often within a day or two.
Walk it off
Exercise is the most popular bad-mood buster. A person who’s in a bad mood has low energy and high tension. Taking a fast ten-minute walk, or doing some quick exercises can do wonders towards changing that bad mood.
Tune it out
Listening to your favorite music for a while can also make tension go away quickly, because music starts associations with past positive experiences we’ve had.
Give yourself a pep talk
Stop and listen to what’s on your mind. Bad moods are often started by too many negative thoughts. Write them all down on paper; the pessimistic (悲觀的) messages you’ve been giving yourself and then give optimistic answers. ("I still don’t have a job. "vs" I have two interviews next week.")
Reduce your stress
Relaxation techniques are wonderful mood-lifters. These include deep breathing, stretching and visualizing (想象), all of which sound complicated but aren’t. One easy way to visualize: close your eyes and picture a favorite place, such as the beach. Another simple way to against distress is to make a to-do list. One reason for being in a bad mood is feeling you have no options(選擇權(quán)) By taking control over certain areas, you realize you’re not helpless. You can make changes in your mood and life.
Avoid things that won’t improve your mood
TV may not help much: You need to increase your energy level and stimulate your mind something — that the TV show "Neighbors" won’t do. And before you reach for that piece of cake and coffee, think about how mood and food are linked. Sugar and caffeine contribute to depressed moods. The better choice? Research shows that carbohydrates, such as potatoes and pasta, produce a calming effect in people who have a desire for them.  
小題1:We learn from the text that it might help rid us of a bad mood ________.

A．to do nothing about it

B．to take a long walk on the beach

C．to do some exercises with light music

D．to talk it to neighbours

小題2: Why is it suggested that you close your eyes and picture the beach?

A．It is not complicated to do so.

B．It is an area to be easily controlled.

C．It helps beat a bad mood.

D．It brings us a new technique.

小題3:TV may not improve your mood because ________.

A．it sometimes shows what happens around you

B．it keeps you stay unmoved

C．it reminds you of eating and drinking

D．it produces a calming effect

小題4:This text most probably appears in ________.

A．a(chǎn) book on physical exercises	B．a(chǎn) doctor’s handbook
C．a(chǎn) notice	D．a(chǎn) magazine

An allowance is an important tool for teaching kids how to budget, save and make their own decisions. Children remem­ber and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly.
How large an allowance is appropriate? Experts say there is not right amount. Actual amounts differ from region to re­gion, and from family to family.
To set an appropriate allowance for your child, work up a weekly budget. Allow for entertainment expenditures such as movies and snacks. Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, school supplies. "If you make the child responsible for these ‘ ills’," says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, " he or she will learn to budget for nec­essary expenditures."
Finally, add some extra money to make saving possible. If you can, keep your child’s allowance in line with that of his friends. A child whose purchasing power falls away below his peers’ can feel left out.
It can be tough, but avoid excusing your children when they make a mistake with their allowance. When Brooke Ste­phens was ten and growing up in Jacksonville, her mother gave her $5 a week, $1.75 of which was for bus fare and lunch." If you lose your money," Brooke’s mother told her, "you walk home."
One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store, then she called home for a ride. " Mom made me walk home," recalls Stephens, now a financial planner in Brook­lyn. " At first I was angry. But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson. "
Experts advise that an allowance should not be tied di­rectly to a child’s daily chores. Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family. You might, however, pay a child for doing extra jobs at home, which can develop his or her initiative.
小題1: Which of the following is the possible title of the passage?

A．How to develop a child’s initiative.

B．How to work up an amount of pocket money.

C．How to teach a child to save money.

D．How to teach a child about money.

小題2: It can be inferred from the passage that if a child is given an allowance, he or she may ________.

A．spend all the money very soon

B．be spoiled and finally ruined

C．feel responsible and careful about money

D．lost the money and can not return home

小題3: In Paragraph 4, the words “his peers” refer to ________.

A．his parents

B．his teachers

C．his financial experts

D．his friends

小題4:The author implies in the passage that ________.

A．paying children for their housework is no good

B．a(chǎn) child’s initiative can be developed if he or she is paid for all the housework

C．children may feel lost and lonely if they have no pocket money

D．children may learn to put aside some money if they are given a great amount of pocket money