Commencement (畢業(yè)典禮) is a time for idealism.
But economic reality is cruel everywhere; especially for new graduate. They have been told repeatedly that a college degree is an open sesame(芝麻) to the global economy. But that’s not necessarily so, according to new research by two economists at he Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Frank Levy and Peter Temin.
It is true that people with college degrees make more money than people without degrees. The gap has narrowed somewhat in recent years, which is disturbing. But the earning power of college graduates still far outpaces that of less-educated workers.
The bad news, though, is that a college degree does not ensure a bigger share of the economics pie for many graduates. In recent decades Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin show, only college-educated women have seen their income grow in line with economy wide gains in productivity. The earnings of male college graduates have failed to keep pace with productivity gains.
Instead, a huge share of productivity growth, which expands the nation’s income, is going to Americans on the top of the income scale. In 2005, the latest year with available data, the top of 1 percent of Americans---whose average annual income was $ 1.1 million--- took in 21.8 percent of the nation’s income, their largest share since 1929.
Administration officials, and other politicians and economists, often, believe that income inequality, reflects an education gap. But Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin show that in the case of men, the average bachelor’s degree is not enough to catch the rising tide of the global economy.
They argue that the real reason that inequality is worsening is the lack of strong policies that broadly distribute economic gains. In the past, for example, a more progressive income tax and unions promote equality. Positive measures have been eroding and new ones have not yet emerged, making the income gap even greater.
Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin conclude that only a new government policy can restore general prosperity. That’s a challenge to the nation’s leader and today’s graduates. America needs them to contribute to the development of the nation in global economy.
小題1:The passage is mainly about that _______.

A．there is a big income gap between female and male college graduates in America.

B．college graduates find it hard to find an ideal job after graduation in America.

C．research shows that American government should take measures to ensure income equality for college graduates

D．college degrees are losing value in America.

小題2:What is the main idea of paragraph 5?

A．The whole nation has enjoyed a big income growth with the growth of productivity.

B．Much of the total income in America has been gained by a few very rich people.

C．A small part of people in America have income increase.

D．Upper class Americans contribute most to productivity growth.

小題3:The underlined word “eroding” in paragraph 7 probably means _______.

A．being gradually destroyed by wind or rain

B．gradually reducing power

C．gradually disappearing

D．gradually not suitable

小題4:We can infer from the passage that _______.

A．female college graduates have higher income than male ones.

B．female college graduates have benefited from some governmental measures to ensure their income growth.

C．income tax can grantee income equality.

D．new measures and policies have been taken to promote income equality.

小題5:From the passage, some economists believe that the worsening income inequality is caused by ______.

A．lower college degree of college graduates

B．lack of proper governmental policies

C．gender discrimination

D．underdevelopment of economy and productivity.

Bowing is a very important custom in Japan. Unlike people in many other countries, they greet each other by bowing instead of shaking hands. It is impolite not to return a bow to whoever bows to you.
Bowing has many functions in one. It expresses the feeling of respect, thanks, regret, and so on. You can bow when you say, “thank you”, “sorry”, “hello”, “goodbye”, “congratulations”, “excuse me”, “good morning”, and more.
Bowing seems simple, but there are different ways of bowing. Bowing techniques vary from a small nod of the head to a long, 90-degree bow. It depends on the social position or age of the person you bow to. If your opposite is of higher social position or older than yourself, you are supposed to bow deeper and longer than him or her. It is polite to bow from your waist. Men usually keep their hands at their sides, and women usually put their hands together on their legs with their fingers touching. If it is not a very formal situation, you can bow by nodding. The most common bow is a bow of about 15 degrees.
You might feel strange doing it, but try to bow in Japan. You will be considered very polite!
小題1:The author writes the passage mainly to _____.

A．introduce the history of bowing in Japan

B．describe the purposes of bowing in Japan

C．describe different ways of bowing in Japan

D．introduce the Japanese custom of bowing

小題2:By saying “Bowing has many functions in one”, the author means that _____.

A．one kind of bow has many similar functions

B．people can express different feelings by bowing

C．people bow to express their feelings

D．the more times you bow, the more respect you receive

小題3:How people greet in many countries?

A．by bowing	B．by shaking hands
C．by kissing each other	D．by touching

小題4:If an assistant wants to show respect to her professor, she may bow like _____.

A            B          C           D

INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF PANLAND
EXPORTS

小題1:Considering all imports and exports, what statement can be made about Panland’s trade?

A．Panland imports food and exports raw materials.

B．Panland imports manufactured goods and exports food.

C．Panland imports manufactured goods and exports raw materials.

D．Panland imports raw materials and exports manufactured goods.

小題2:With which of the following does Panland carry on the most trade?

A．Asia.

B．Africa.

C．Middle East.

D．United States.

小題3:Judging from its economy, it could be concluded that most of Panland’s working people are _____

A．farmers

B．fishing people

C．unskilled laborers

D．skilled factory workers

Neatly putting an emphasis on his storytelling skill is how writer Mo Yan began his Nobel Lecture in Literature speech, “Storyteller”, on Friday （Saturday, Beijing time） in Stockholm.
For 40 minutes he talked about his mother’s   36  on him as a person and a writer, his literary inspirations, and how he   37  with the controversy（爭論）that followed the announcement of his Nobel victory.
He told his audience that as a boy he told stories to cheer up his mother, and   38  that poverty and loneliness fueled his imagination as a writer after he grew up.   39 , authors such as William Faulkner and Gabriel Garcia Marquez   40  him, he said, especially their bold and unlimited writing style.
“A person should be   41  in daily life, but follow one’s instinct（本能）and take control when it   42  to literary creation.”
He said the soul of   43  all of his works is the boy in Transparent Carrot who has an almost superhuman ability to bear   44 . He added that he also tried to make his hometown of Gaomi in Shandong Province a microcosm（縮影）of China and even the   45 .
His greatest challenge, he said, was writing novels that deal with   46  realities.
“In writing about the dark aspects of society there is a（n）  47  that emotions and anger allow politics to limit literature.”
He said literature must be   48  on real life but go beyond it.
He also mentioned the   49  surrounding his selection as Nobel winner, saying he was showered with many flowers.   50  he was a target for “stone throwers”.
“At first I thought I was the   51  of the controversies, but over time I’ve come to realize that the real target was a person who had   52  to do with me.”
Mo   53  his lecture by saying he was made to feel like an actor in a play with all the attention he was   54 , but he had decided that the best way to communicate his thoughts was to   __55  writing.

小題1:	A．a(chǎn)ffection B．influence C．occasion D．position

小題2:	A．a(chǎn)greed B．fought C．dealt D．did

小題3:	A．a(chǎn)dded B．warned C．reminded D．imagined

小題4:	A．However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Besides

小題5:	A．preserved B．inspired C．entertained D．taught

小題6:	A．confident B．certain C．comfortable D．modest

小題7:	A．goes B．comes C．turns D．gets

小題8:	A．nearly B．hardly C．scarcely D．a(chǎn)lways

小題9:	A．danger B．suffering C．relieving D．happiness

小題10:

A．city B．village C．world D．province

小題11:

A．social B．economical C．a(chǎn)gricultural D．cultural

小題12:

A．encouragement B．danger C．a(chǎn)dvantage D．event

小題13:

A．insisted B．spent C．based D．passed

小題14:

A．contradiction B．contest C．contrary D．controversy

小題15:

A．Meanwhile B．Otherwise C．However D．Instead

小題16:

A．goal B．intention C．target D．purpose

小題17:

A．somebody B．a(chǎn)nything C．nothing D．a(chǎn)nybody

小題18:

A．a(chǎn)dopted B．concluded C．a(chǎn)dmitted D．concerned

小題19:

A．throwing B．a(chǎn)ccepting C．offering D．receiving

小題20:

A．carry on B．take on C．bring out D．put out

People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scan evenly(均勻的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
"We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions," Jack said. "Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth."
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. "The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions," Jack said. "Our data suggests that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less."
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
小題1:What were the people asked to do in the study?

A．To make a face at each other.

B．To get their faces impressive.

C．To classify (分類) some face pictures.

D．To observe the researchers' faces

小題2:What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 6 refer to?

A．The participants in the study.	B．The researchers of the study.
C．The errors made during the study.	D．The data collected from the study.

小題3:In comparison(比較) with Westerners, Easterners are likely to         .

A．do translation more successfully

B．study the mouth more frequently

C．examine the eyes more attentively

D．read facial expressions more correctly

小題4:What can be the best title for the passage?

A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul

B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions

C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills

D．How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding

What does the word“youth” mean to you? Many define it as a precious time in their life when they are young, when fun, passion, and imagination seem limitless. But for most high school students, youth is a time of determination and willpower for achieving their goals.
This is vividly shown in Mark of Youth, a movie that opened on Feb 5. Mark of Youth tells the story of four Senior 3 students in a top high school in the days leading up to the national college entrance examination.
Each character represents a different type of student, ranging from the most mischievous(調(diào)皮的)to the most motivated. Like most teenagers, they enjoy carefree moments and like to talk about their schoolmates. But the tension of the approaching exam, probably their first life-changing event, is common—they must memorize seemingly endless English words and Chinese poems, work through piles of practice test papers, and improve their scores despite the increasing pressure.
But life exists beyond campus. That the college entrance examination is coming up doesn’t mean they can escape family changes, such as when one character’s parents get divorced or another’s father is arrested. Can these four young people handle their problems and eventually make it to their ideal universities despite their on –and –off campus stress?
The story is set in Hubei Huanggang Middle School, known for its students’ outstanding performances on the big exam. The four students are played by the actors who played in the reality shows Happy Boys and Happy Girls. HongKong actor Alex Fong plays their teacher.
Students may look more fashionable in Mark of Youth than in real life, but it is the story about the final year of high school that many viewers relate to.
“The film is very inspiring,” said Senior 2 student Yao Lingqian, 16, from Leshan Foreign Language School in Sichuan province. “A total commitment(投入)to hard work, though it can be lonely and no fun at all, will leave precious marks on my youth.”
And for Senior 3 student Gao Jing, the film has given her optimism. “The characters taught me that what you score is not the only important thing. The way you approach the exam matters the most,” said the 17-year-old from Zhenping County No 1 High School in Nanyang, Henan province.
“The film really reflects senior 3students’life.” Zhang Ping, a teacher from a senior high school in Qingdao, commented.
小題1:What is the function of the first paragraph in the passage?

A．To tell us what the word “youth” means.

B．To introduce what will be mainly talked about.

C．To tell youth is a time of determination and willpower.

D．To introduce some famous actors.

小題2:Why must the four Senior 3 students memorize seemingly endless English words and Chinese poems?

A．They want to enjoy carefree moments.

B．They want to gossip about their schoolmates.

C．They want to work through piles of practice test papers.

D．They want to improve their scores.

小題3:Which of the following is true about the film?

A．Mark of Youth tells a story that happened on Feb 5.

B．The characters in the film have to face the pressure from both study and their families.

C．The film tells a story that really happened in Hubei Huanggang Middle School.

D．Most characters in the film are played by actors from HongKong.

小題4:What kind of belief does the film convey?

A．Youth is a wonderful thing.

B．We youth should face challenge with smile.

C．Entrance examination is very important in our life.

D．The entrance examination isn’t so terrible.

小題5:Which of the person can we see in the film?

A．Alex Fong

B．Yao Lingqian

C．Gao Jing

D．Zhang ping

When you think of American culture, what first comes to your mind? McDonald’s? Coca Cola? Levi’s? Disneyland? Michael Jordan? Julia Roberts? Many people   1  American culture is a   2 of popular symbols like these. Actually, these symbols are only one    3  part of American culture—pop culture.
What is pop culture? Well, pop is   4   for popular. The origins of pop culture can often be traced to popular movies, television shows, music stars and sports figures. Pop culture is   5  promoted by business and advertising. The most   6  examples of American pop culture appear among high school and college students. Trends (趨勢)   7  by famous personalities quickly become part of young people’s    8 .
American pop culture has spread around the world. One major reason for its   9  is that English is a universal language. English is the language of diplomacy, international business and transportation.   10  language and culture go together, learning English means becoming   11  of English-speaking cultures. Besides, America is a world   12  in movies, music and magazines. The kind of American culture   13  in those media is pop culture. Finally, pop culture is easy to package and to   14 . For that reason, it is easy to “sell” to the world.
Many people believe that American pop culture is what American is all   15  . Does pop culture   16   the true culture of America? Yes and no. Pop culture does  17  a portion (比例) of American society — especially the   18  young people that are tuned in to the media. But American pop culture is faddish (流行一時的) and    19   . If you want to learn about real American culture, you’ll have to go a little    20    than McDonald’s.

小題1:	A．wonder B．imagine C．wish D．pretend

小題2:	A．behavior B．signal C．side D．collection

小題3:	A．small B．large C．main D．super

小題4:	A．good B．eager C．known D．short

小題5:	A．never B．only C．a(chǎn)lso D．just

小題6:	A．famous B．common C．obvious D．helpful

小題7:	A．set B．pushed C．ignored D．caused

小題8:	A．hobbies B．taste C．a(chǎn)dmiration D．lifestyles

小題9:	A．tendency B．popularity C．influence D．preference

小題10:

A．Although B．Unless C．How D．Since

小題11:

A．a(chǎn)ware B．fond C．careful D．tired

小題12:

A．driver B．worker C．leader D．officer

小題13:

A．written B．communicated C．described D．taught

小題14:

A．discuss B．display C．copy D．export

小題15:

A．for B．a(chǎn)bout C．a(chǎn)bove D．a(chǎn)gainst

小題16:

A．reflect B．pay C．form D．a(chǎn)ffect

小題17:

A．combine B．follow C．represent D．demand

小題18:

A．urban B．rural C．quiet D．diligent

小題19:

A．difficult B．simple C．ever-changing D．ever-lasting

小題20:

A．slower B．farther C．nearer D．higher

It was the summer of 1965. Deluca, then 17, visited Peter Buck, a family friend. Buck asked Deluca about his plan for the future. “I'm going to college, but I need a way to pay for it，” Deluca recalls saying. “Buck said, ‘you should open a sandwich shop.’”
That afternoon, they agreed to be partners. And they set a goal: to open 32 stores in ten years. After doing some research, Buck wrote a check for $1,000. Deluca rented a storefront (店面) in Connecticut, and when they couldn't cover their start­up costs, Buck kicked in another $1,000.
But business didn't go smoothly as they expected. Deluca says, “After six months, we were doing poorly, but we didn't know how badly, because we didn't have any financial controls.” All he and Buck knew was that their sales were lower than their costs.
Deluca was managing the store and to the University of Bridgeport at the same time. Buck was working at his day job as a nuclear physicist in New York. They'd meet Monday evenings and brainstorm ideas for keeping the business running. “We convinced ourselves to open a second store. We figured we could tell the public, ‘We are so successful; we are opening a second store.’” And they did—in the spring of 1966. Still, it was a lot of learning by trial and error.
But the partners' learn­as­you­go approach turned out to be their greatest strength. Every Friday, Deluca would drive around and hand­deliver the checks to pay their supplies. “It probably took me two and a half hours and it wasn't necessary but as a result, the suppliers got to know me very well, and the personal relationships established really helped out，” Deluca says.
And having a goal was also important. “There are so many problems that can get you down. You just have to keep working toward your goal，” Deluca adds.
Deluca ended up founding Subways Sandwich, the multimillion­dollar restaurant chain.
小題1:Deluca opened the first sandwich shop in order to ________.

A．support his family

B．do some research

C．help his partner expand business

D．pay for his college education

小題2:Which of the following is true of Buck?

A．He put money into the sandwich business.

B．He was a professor of business administration.

C．He was studying at the University of Bridgeport.

D．He rented a storefront for Deluca.

小題3:What can we learn about their first shop?

A．It stood at an unfavorable place.

B．It lowered the prices to poor management.

C．It made no profits due to poor management.

D．It lacked control over the quality of sandwich.

小題4:They decided to open a second store because they ________.

A．had enough money to do it

B．had succeeded in their business

C．wished to meet the increasing demand of customers

D．wanted to make believe that they were successful

小題5:What contributes most to their success according to the author?

A．Learning by trial and error.

B．Making friends with supplies.

C．Finding a good partner.

D．Opening chain stores.

Although the New Year is already here, the great moments of the past year are still in the memory. Let’s look back at some of them.
United States
One of the world’s largest New Year’s Eve parties was held in Times Square, New York. The festival attracted hundreds of thousands of people to watch a brightly-lit ball drop on a landmark building at the stroke (擊、打) of midnight.
A great amount of confetti (五彩紙屑) was released from the sky at zero o’clock.
Britain
Painted in shinning colors, blowing whistles, 50，000 party-goers arrived in London’s Millennium Dome to dance in the New Year. The Millennium Dome came to life at midnight as 50 DJs started up, competing on five separate dance floors to warm the crowd into the party mood.
Russia
New Year is the biggest holiday in Russia. It is traditional to put up a tree for celebrations with family and friends.
On the very last day of last year, Russians with a taste for a very cold swim braved freezing temperatures to plant traditional, festival trees on the bed of the Northern Ocean and at the bottom of Lake Baikal, the world’s deepest lake.
Malaysia
Brave skydivers threw themselves off the world’s tallest building near midnight and floated towards the New Year.
The jump from the 452-metre Petronas Twin Tower was called a real leap from one year to the next since the group took off in the last second of the old year and landed a minute later in the New Year. “That was really cool,” said Roland Simpson, “over crowds of onlookers to the landing spot.”
小題1:In New York the brightly-lit ball dropped ____________.

A．form the sky onto the Times Square

B．into the hundreds of thousands of watchers

C．to welcome the arrival of Christmas

D．a(chǎn)t the point between the old and the New Year

小題2:Which of the following is NOT traditional to welcome a new year?

A．Sharing the happiness and excitement together.

B．Setting up a tree for celebrations.

C．Planting trees on the bed of a lake.

D．50 DJs’ competing on five separate floors.

小題3:People jumping from the tallest buildings _________.

A．spent two different years in the air.

B．stayed in the sky for two minutes.

C．landed over people’s heads.

D．floated away to the new land

小題4:The passage mainly shows that ________.

A．New Year has been the starting point for people to have dreams.

B．people in different countries welcomed New Year in different ways.

C．people’s ways of celebrations are exciting.

D．the New Year is better than the old year.

I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper has   36  me with plenty of opportunities to make them. In one of my earlier   37 , my mother was telling me “Don’t watch the   38  when you say, ‘I’m sorry’. Hold your head up and look at the person in the   39 , so he’ll know you   40  it.”
My mother thus made the key point of a(n)   41  apology: It must be direct. You must never   42  to be doing something else. You do not   43  a pile of letters while apologizing to a person   44   in position after blaming him or her for a mistake that turned out to be your   45 . You do not apologize to a hostess, whose guest of honor you treat   46 , by sending flowers the next day without mentioning your bad   47 .
One of the important things we should do for an   48  apology is a readiness to   49  the responsibility for our careless mistakes. We are used to making excuses, which leaves no   50  for the other person to   51  us. Since most people are open-hearted, the no-excuse apology leaves both parties feeling   52  about themselves. That , after all, is the   53  of every apology. It   54  little whether the apologizer is wholly or only partly at fault. Answering for one’s   55  encourages others to take their share of the blame.

小題1:	A．provided B．mixed C．compared D．treated

小題2:	A．dreams B．courses C．memories D．ideas

小題3:	A．side B．ground C．wall D．bottom

小題4:	A．mind B．soul C．face D．eye

小題5:	A．imagine B．enjoy C．mean D．regret

小題6:	A．useful B．successful C．equal D．basic

小題7:	A．pretend B．forget C．refuse D．expect

小題8:	A．hold on B．put away C．look through D．pick up

小題9:	A．poorer B．weaker C．worse D．lower

小題10:

A．fault B．reason C．result D．duty

小題11:

A．cruelly B．freely C．roughly D．foolishly

小題12:

A．manners B．excuses C．efforts D．roles

小題13:

A．a(chǎn)ctive B．effective C．extra D．easy

小題14:

A．raise B．perform C．a(chǎn)dmit D．bear

小題15:

A．situation B．need C．sign D．room

小題16:

A．a(chǎn)dvise B．forgive C．warn D．blame

小題17:

A．wiser B．warmer C．better D．cleverer

小題18:

A．purpose B．method C．end D．a(chǎn)dvantage

小題19:

A．cares B．matters C．depends D．remains

小題20:

A．facts B．states C．rights D．a(chǎn)ctions