Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the experiment of Frederick in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.

All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.

Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If there sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.

Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed order and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months they can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to five words. At three he knows about 1,000 words, which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.

Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy bear”. And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.

But speech has to be induced（激發(fā)，引起）, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the children’s babbling（咿呀聲）,grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.

1.The writer mentioned the experiment of Frederick to __________.

A. support his idea B. introduce his topic

C. describe a new finding D. give an example of his theory

2.The purpose of Frederick’s experiment was to __________.

A. prove that children are born with the ability to speak

B. discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech

C. find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak

D. prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language

3.The reason why some children are backward in speaking is most probably that ________.

A. they are not able to learn language rapidly

B. they are exposed to too much language at once

C. their mothers do not respond enough to their attempts to speak

D. their mothers are not clever enough to help them

4. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will __________ in future.

A. have a high IQ B. be less intelligent

C. be insensitive to verbal signals D. not necessarily be backward

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. A child is born with the ability to speak.

B. A child’s brain has a complex system which helps to connect the sight and feel of an object.

C. A child can produce his own sentences.

D. A child owes his speech ability to good nursing.

6. According to the passage, the writer agrees that__________.

A. the infants will certainly die because of lack of language.

B. all children learn their language in fixed stages

C. the child’s brain is highly selective

D. insensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals will not affect the development of the child’s language

Make sure the respondent has enough information

Remember your survey’s purpose

Keep your questions simple

Include only one topic per question

If in doubt, throw it out

Avoid leading questions

Write more effective survey questions

Naturally, no question is “good” in all situations, but there are some general rules to follow. Using these rules and examples will help you write useful questions.

1._______________

All other rules and guidelines are based on this one. There was a reason you decided to spend your time and money to do your survey, and you should ensure that every question you ask supports that reason. If you start to get lost while writing your questions, refer back to this rule.

2._______________

This is another way of stating the first rule, but it is important enough to repeat. A question should never be included in a survey because you can’t think of a good reason to discard it. If you cannot come up with a concrete benefit that will result from the question, don’t use it.

3.________________

Compound sentences force respondents to keep a lot of information in their heads, and are likely to produce unpredictable results. Example: “Imagine a situation where the production supervisor is away from the line, a series of defective parts is being manufactured, and you just heard that a new client requires ten thousand of these parts in order to make their production schedule. How empowered do you feel by your organization to stop the line and make the repairs to the manufacturing equipment?” This question is too complex for a clear, usable answer. Try breaking it down into components parts.

4._______________

How would you interpret the responses to “Please rate your satisfaction with the amount and kind of care you received while in the hospital.” or, a question asking about speed and accuracy? If you want to be able to come up with specific recommended actions, you need specific questions.

5.________________

Asking respondents “How effective has this company’s new distribution program been?” may not be as effective as “Recently, we used a new distribution system. Did you know this?” Followed by “Have you seen any positive benefits resulting from this change?” It can be beneficial to break down questions that require background information into two parts: a screening item describing the situation which asks if the respondent knows about it, and a follow-up question addressing attitudes the respondent has about the topic.

下面短文中有10處語法錯誤。請在有錯誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個單詞。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧）,并在其下面寫上該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

      2.只允許修改10處，多者（從11處起）不計分。

例如：

It was very nice to get your invitation to spend ∧ weekend with you. Luckily the I was/are completely free then, so I’ll to say “yes”. I’ll arrive in Bristol at around 8 p.m. in/on  Friday evening Animation means making things which are lifeless coming alive. From earliest times, people have always attracted by movement, but it is not until this century we have managed to capture movement and to record them. In the world of cartoon animation, nothing is impossible. You can make the creating characters do exactly which you want them. A famous early cartoon character was Felix the Cat. Felix was a nice cat, who could do all sorts of things no natural cat could do like taking off his tail, using it as handle and then putting it back. Most of the great early animators lived and worked in America, the home of the moving picture industry. Thus, to be an animator, you don't have to be a professional. It is impossible for anyone to make a simple animated film without using a camera at all. All you have to do is draw direct on to blank film and then run a projector.

2014年2月14日是中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日元宵節(jié)，同時也是西方的情人節(jié)。當中西兩個節(jié)日重疊在一起時，很多人都在熱議我們更傾向于過哪個節(jié)日。請以“守住中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日”為話題，用英語寫一篇100-120詞的短文，表達你的觀點。

要求如下：

明確自己的觀點。

闡明理由，可舉例說明。

文章開頭已給出，不計入詞數(shù)。

The lanterns festival and the Valentine’s Day coincide on February, 14th, 2014, which makes people discuss heatedly which festival to celebrate that day.

—Sally, do you mind if I take off my jacket?

—Of course not． ．

A．It doesn't matterB．Make yourself at home

C．Enjoy yourselfD．Forget it

Thanks to drama currently on air, Man From the Stars, South Korean TV dramas haveattracted wider audience．

A．the; theB．a(chǎn)；a C． a; the D． a; /

Heavy smog blankets Beijing． ,city authorities start using its new smog warning system．

A．In turn B．In time C． In response D． In return

Days of snowstorms have left the city under thick layers of ice and some 50,000 homes without power．

A．to be trapped B．trapped C．having trappedD．being trapped

Sinking in the cheers of people, David walked off the stage, tears dropping he could stop them．

A．a(chǎn)fter B．when C．until D．before

If it the climate, I would stay here much longer．

A．is not forB．had not been for C．were not for D．would not be for