7．A report，published in last week's Journal of the American Medical Association，offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver．Indeed，a l6-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal （致命） accident as a teenager driving alone．By contrast，the risk of death for drivers between 30and 59decreases with each additional passenger．
The author also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10p．m．，and especially after midnight．With passengers in the car，the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident．
Robert Foss，a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center，says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with"really stupid behavior"than with just a lack of driving experience．"The basic thing，"he says，"is that adults who are responsible for issuing （發(fā)放） licenses fail to recognize how skilled a task driving is．"
Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to reduce the harm is to have so-called graduated licensing systems，in which getting a license is a slower process．A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult，followed by a period of driving at night with a limited number of passengers before graduating to get a full driving license．
Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes，according to recent studies．About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place，but only 10of those states have number limitation on passengers．California is the strictest，with a new driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20for the first six months．

59．Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage？B
A．Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after l0p．m．
B．A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car．
C．Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night．
D．A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight．
60．According to Robert Foss，the high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due toB．
A．their frequent driving at night
B．their lack of driving experience
C．their improper way of driving
D．their driving with passengers
61．Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 3？D
A．Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive．
B．Driving is a skill too difficult for teenagers to learn．
C．Teenagers should be limited in taking driving lessons．
D．People issuing license are partly responsible for the accidents．
62．A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers'driving accidents is thatD．
A．driving in the presence of an adult should be made a rule
B．they should be forbidden to take on passengers
C．they should not be allowed to drive after l0p．m．
D．the licensing systems should be improved．

6．President Barack Obama，accompanied by Vice President Joe Biden，makes a statement about the earthquake in Haiti at the White House in Washington，13Jan.2010．
U．S．President Barack Obama says the United States will go all out to help the victims of the Haitian earthquake．American rescue teams have been dispatched （派遣，調(diào)遣） to the disaster area
The president adds that the United States has launched a swift，active，and coordinated （協(xié)調(diào)） effort to help the earthquake victims．
"The people of Haiti will have the full support of the United States in the urgent effort to rescue those trapped beneath the rubble （瓦礫；廢墟） and to deliver the humanitarian relief-the food，water and medicine-that Haitians will need in the coming days，"he said．
He says search and rescue teams have been dispatched and more help is on the way．
"…because in disasters such as this，the first hours and days are absolutely critical in saving lives and avoiding greater tragedy，I have directed my team to be as forward leaning as possible in getting the help on the ground and coordinating with （與…相配合） our international partners as well，"he added．
In a brief statement from the White House，Mr．Obama stressed this will be a complex and challenging operation．He made it clear that there is no time to waste．
"The reports and images that we have seen of collapsed hospitals，crumbled homes，and men and women carrying their injured neighbors through the streets are truly heart-wrenching．Indeed，this tragedy seems especially cruel and incomprehensible．Our thoughts and prayers are also with the many Haitian-Americans around our country who do not yet know the fate of their families and loved ones back home．"he noted．
President Obama urged the American people to do all they can to support the aid effort．He stressed the bond between the United States and Haiti is strong．
"We will keep the victims and the families in our prayers，"he said．"We will be resolute （堅(jiān)決的； 剛毅的） in our response and I pledge to the people of Haiti that you will have a friend and partner in the United States of America today and going forward．"
The earthquake struck late Tuesday with the result that much of Haiti's capital Port-au-Prince turned into rubble．The International Red Cross in Geneva says up to three million people are affected and thousands are feared dead．

64．What'the best title for this passage？A
A．Obama Pledges Full US Aid to Haiti after Earthquake．
B．Obama Has Dispatched American Rescue Teams to Haiti．
C．A Terrible Earthquake Happened in Haiti．
D．American People Will Do All They Can to Support the Aid Effort．
65．The underlined word"bond"meansB．
A．trade     B．relation    C．contract    D．communication
66．Which of the following statements is true？C
A．America will dispatch a rescue team after Obama's speech．
B．American search and rescue teams are on the way．
C．In the Haitian earthquake，the first hours and days are most important in saving lives and avoiding greater tragedy．
D．Haitian earthquake seems especially cruel and comprehensible．
67．Where did President Barack Obama make the speech？B
A．In Haiti  B．In America  C．In China  D．Unknown．

5．BEIJING-China's National Tourism Administration （NTA） said Saturday that 215Chinese tour groups in Japan were safe and sound after a devastating 8.8-magnitude earthquake jolted the country's eastern coast Friday．
A total of 4，578Chinese tourists were staying in Japan at the time of the quake．By Saturday noon，all the 215tour groups that they booked with had contacted domestic travel agencies，with no death or injury reported，said the NTA upon information from local tourism authorities．
The NTA has activated the emergency response system and issued a travel alert for Japan and countries along the Pacific Rim，it said in a statement on its website．
The NTA has also called for travel agencies to protect the security of Chinese tourists in Japan and keep in touch with the Chinese embassy and consulates in Japan，as well as China's tourism authorities．
Chinese tour agencies had started to bring back tourists from the quake-hit Japan and many trips had been called off．
China CYTS Tours，one of China's major travel agencies，had promised a full refund for trip cancellation and offered to bear the extra expense for tourist protection in disasters and unrest．
A massive 8.8-magnitude earthquake struck the east coast of Japan's main Honshu Island at 1：46pm Beijing Time Friday，which had triggered huge tsunami along Japan's Pacific coast and caused hundreds of deaths and catastrophic damage．

56．Where are we likely to find this passage？D
A．In a tour guided book．      B．In a geography book．
C．In a book．                  D．In a newspaper
57．In the first paragraph，the meaning of devastating isB．
A．catastrophic    B．destructive     C．tragic     D．disastrous．
58．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？D
A．In all，4，578Chinese were staying in Japan at the time of the quake．
B．Japan also called for travel agencies to protect the security of Chinese tourists．
C．215Chinese tour groups in Japan were organized by China CYTS Tours．
D．Earthquake-caused tsunami resulted in hundreds of deaths and disastrous damage．

4．TOKYO-Lonely astronauts on the International Space Station （ISS） may soon be getting a robot friend from Japan．
Japan's space agency is considering putting a talking humanoid （有人的特點(diǎn)的） robot on the ISS to watch the work while astronauts are asleep，monitor their health and stress levels and communicate to Earth through the micro-blogging site Twitter．
Japan's space agency JAXA announced this week that it is looking at a plan to send a humanoid robot to the space station in 2013 that could communicate with the ground through Twitter-primarily feeding photos，rather than original ideas-and provide astronauts with"comfort and companionship"．
Following up on US NASA's"Robonaut"R-2 program，which is set for launch on the Discovery shuttle next week，the Japanese robot would be part of a larger effort to create and refine robots that can be used by the elderly，JAXA said in a statement．
Japan is one of the leading countries in robotics and has a rapidly aging society with one of the world's longest life expectancies．
Improving robot communication capabilities could help elderly people on Earth by providing a nonintrusive （無(wú)干擾的） means of monitoring the robot owner's health and vital signs and sending information to emergency responders if there is an abnormality，JAXA said．
"We are thinking in terms of a very human-like robot that would have facial expressions and be able to talk with the astronauts，"said JAXA's Satoshi Sano．
The robot was being developed with the advertising and communications giant Dentsu Inc and a team at Tokyo University．
The NASA project has a human-like head，hands and arms and uses the same tools as station crew members．The"Robonaut"called R-2 is intended to carry out maintenance tasks in the station's Destiny lab．
NASA says it hopes that humanoid robots could one day stand in for astronauts during spacewalks or perform tasks too difficult or dangerous for humans．
For now，the﹩2.5 million NASA robot is limited to activities within the lab．

60．According to the passage，a humanoid robot，put on the ISS，shall carry out the tasks exceptD．
A．take care of the ISS sometimes 
B．keep an eye on the health of the astronauts
C．keep in contact with Earth
D．get a friend for astronauts from Japan
61．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage？A
A．The robot program will eventually benefit the elderly．
B．R-2 program is in the charge of Japan's JAXA．
C．NASA is planning to communicate with the space station through Twitter．
D．Japan has the largest number of elderly people．
62．From the passage we can knowB．
A．many Japanese universities joined in the robot program
B．future astronauts will become less lonely and more comfortable with the help of the robot
C．robots could completely take the place of human astronauts in the future
D．the robot program，having cost﹩2.5 million，can carry out all tasks．

3．Attitude is a mental state relative to what we believe and affects our entire lives．We express our attitude in our words and actions．
One of the most important steps you can take toward achieving your greatest potential in life is to learn to monitor your attitude and its impact on your work performance，relationships and everyone around you．
In truth，people generally don't have a high level of attitude awareness．They'll know if they are hungry or if their feet hurt，but they usually don't have a good handle on their attitude．That is a mistake because attitude decides everything．It governs the way you perceive （感知） the world and the way the world perceives you．
We all have a choice．We can choose an inner dialogue of self-encouragement and self-motivation．It's a power we all have．Each of us experiences hard times，hurt feelings，heartache，and physical and emotional pain．The key is to realize it's not what happens to you that matters； it's how you choose to respond．
Your mind is a computer that can be programmed．Your inner dialogue is the software that programs your attitude，which determines how you present yourself to the world around you．You have control over the programming．Whatever you put into it is reflected in what comes out．The sad reality of life is that we will continue to hear negative information，but we don't have to program it into our brains．
The loudest and most influential voice you hear is your own inner voice．It can work for or against you，depending on the messages you allow．It can be optimistic or pessimistic （悲觀的）．It can wear you down or cheer you up．
Habitual bad attitudes are often the product of past experiences and events．Common causes include low self-esteem，stress，fear，resentment，anger and an inability to handle change．It takes serious work to examine the roots of a harmful attitude，but the rewards of ridding ourselves of this heavy baggage can last a lifetime．
Here are several strategies to improve your attitude：
Enthusiasm-Vital Tool for Staying Motivated
Enthusiasm is to attitude what breathing is to life．Enthusiasm makes it possible for you to apply your gifts more effectively．Enthusiasm means putting yourself in motion．It's an internal spirit that speaks through your actions．
Lighten Up Your Life with Humor
Humor is a powerful motivator．The more humor and laughter in your life，the less stress you'll have，which means more positive energy to help you put your attitude into action．There are also health benefits to lightening up．
Exercising Will Help Keep You Motivated
One of the best ways to move to a more positive and motivated mind is to exercise．A regular exercise routine can provide relatively quick positive feedback in the form of weight loss，muscle development and a sense of doing something positive for yourself．
Seek your personal and professional success by using the tools above．It is no secret that life seems to reward us most when we approach the world with a positive attitude．
Your Attitude Decides Everything

2．"In the online world you don't need to fill buildings or lecture theatres with people and you don't need to be trapped into a lecture timetable，"says Peter Scott，director of the Open University's Knowledge Media Institute．
The Open University，the UK's open access university，which allows people to study from home in their own time，has been an international pioneer of degree courses online．
The university，with more than 263，000students in 23countries，has become a record breaker on the iTunes U service，which provides a digital library of materials for university students and staff．Instead of music or movies，Apple's iTunes U provides a download service for lectures and resources from universities around the world．Top universities from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard in the US to Oxford and Cambridge in the UK have been making their materials available，with no charge to the users．
There have been 31million downloads of OU materials，more than any other university，representing roughly 10% of all iTunes U downloads．Nearly 90% of these users are from outside the UK．In this online era，the OU student is also getting younger．A quarter of students are aged under-25and only 10% are aged 50or over．That change can only be accelerated as the cost of going to university increases in many countries．The prospect of learning from Harvard from your own bedroom is getting closer．
"We have a belief that a degree and an opportunity are rights for all citizens．And we have got to enable the population of students attending higher education to scale up．What I am most excited about is that the privilege of going for higher education is not something only for the wealthy or for the smartest or for the most well-equipped students in the future，"an American educator says．Online education will be a way of opening up more choices and getting beyond the big brand names of the most exclusive universities．
At the Open University，Peter Scott says they are trying to develop services that give students exactly what they want，from face-to-face learning to the fully online experience．"We can produce brilliant televisual material and get it to you on YouTube，on iTunes U or even on the web．

36．According to the passage，online education has many advantages EXCEPT thatC．
A．students don't have to go to the classrooms according to the timetable
B．it provides people with more chances to get higher education
C．students don't need to have courses or lectures any more
D．it's convenient for people to study at home in their free time
37．OU students use iTunes U service toB．
A．search for the library               B．download educational materials
C．download music and movies            D．surf the Internet
38．What made the American educator most excited was thatB．
A．only the rich or the cleverest students can get the higher education
B．more chances of attending the higher education will be offered to common people
C．common people are given the privilege to go to famous universities
D．the number of OU students will increase in the future
39．Which of the following statement about the Open University is NOT TRUE？D
A．It has played a leading role in the international online education．
B．More people will get into it because of the high fee of going to university．
C．It provides users with many lectures and resources from universities．
D．people have to pay for the materials downloaded from Harvard or Oxford．
40．According to the passage，we can infer thatC．
A．a(chǎn)ll the citizens can get the higher education now
B．online education will take the place of the traditional education
C．online education will probably change the way that people go for higher education
D．studying in Harvard or Cambridge will become easier in the future．

1．My friend Fowkes，tells a story of a class he took in 1930s，when books were short and expensive．On the first day the professor marched up to the blackboard，looked through his notes，cleared his throat，and began．Fowkes was the only student in the course．Once Fowkes fell ill and missed a class．When he returned，to Fowkes's astonishment，the professor began to deliver not the next lecture in the sequence but the one after．Had he lectured to an empty hall in the absence of his only student？It was perfectly possible．
Today，professors continue to lecture and students to listen much as they did．It's time for us to abandon the lecture system and turn to methods that really work．
Attending lectures is passive learning，at least for inexperienced listeners．Active learning，in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor，is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn．Most students learn best by engaging in debate．They need small discussion classes that demand a joint effort of teacher and students rather than classes in which one person，however learned，expresses his or her own ideas．
The lecture system harms professors as well．It reduces feedback to a minimum，so that the lecturer can neither judge how well students understand the material nor benefit from their questions or comments．Questions that require the speaker to clarify unclear points and comments that challenge inadequately constructed arguments are indispensable to scholarship．Without them，the liveliest mind becomes dull．
If lectures make so little sense，why have they been allowed to continue？The truth is that lectures are easier on everyone than debates．Lectures give some students an opportunity to sit back and let the professor run the show．In a classroom where everyone contributes，students are less able to hide and professors have less room to show off how smart they are．
Worse still，the lectures too frequently come at the wrong end of the students'educational careers-during the first two years，when they most need close，even individual，instruction．If lecture classes were restricted to junior and senior undergraduates and to graduate students，who are more academically independent and more capable of working on their own，they would be far less destructive of students'interests and enthusiasms．After all，students must learn to listen before they can listen to learn．
67．The author tells a story in Paragraph 1 toA．
A．lead into the main argumentation
B．provide the historical background
C．show reasons for lecture absences
D．compare two different kinds of classes
68．What can we learn about the current lecture system？D
A．Students take passive part in small discussion classes．
B．The professors need more room to present their talents．
C．Lectures are mainly intended for junior and senior students．
D．It is far from beneficial for those academically inexperienced students．
69．The underlined word"indispensable"in Paragraph 4 probably meansB
A．common       B．necessary C．a(chǎn)vailable D．a(chǎn)bundant
70．What is the best title for the passage？C
A．College Lectures：Graduates or Undergraduates？
B．College Lectures：Advantages and Disadvantages
C．College Lectures：Continue or Not？
D．College Lectures：Today and Past．

20．Though in a digital age，college students nowadays are still holding fast to traditional books．According to the National Association of College Stores，digital books make up just under 3% of textbook sales，although the association expects that share to grow to 10% to 15% by 2012 as more titles are made available as e-books．However，three-quarters of the students，who grew up learning from print books，say that they are unwilling to give up the ability to turn over quickly between chapters，write in the edges and highlight passages．
The new technology has produced various options for students．College Booksellers，which operates 636 campus bookstores nationwide，is now marketing its new software application，which allows students to read e-textbooks on PCs．The company introduced the free application last summer in hopes of attracting more students to buy its electronic textbooks．"Now the biggest barrier is getting them to try it，"said the company's vice president．
But not every textbook is available in digital or rental format．Generally，an e-textbook is cheaper than a used book，though more expensive than a rental．The expense of college textbooks has become a great concern and teachers from over 40 colleges nationwide are encouraged to assign texts that are less expensive，or to offer them free online．As the buy-back price drops greatly and quickly，some professors suggest that the book stores should not have the last say and there should be something for students to decide by themselves．
72．College students prefer traditional books mainly because theyA
A．want to keep the ability of reading print hooks
B．have the habit of turning over quickly between pages
C．find it interesting to keep notes in the edges of books
D．feel more relaxed to read print materials
73．Which of the following is NOT true according to the 2nd paragraph？C．
A．College Booksellers operates more than 600 bookstores in campus
B．The free application was introduced to increase sales of electronic textbooks
C．Campus students now fancy a try of the free software application
D．The company's management still has to do more to sell the e-books
74．We can learn from the passage thatD．
A．second-hand books are cheaper than rental books
B．a(chǎn)ll the textbooks have both the digital and rental formats
C．the price totally determines the student's selection of books
D．the price of buy-back books are determined by book stores
75．The best title for the text would beB．
A．Addiction to Traditional Books            
B．Print Books in a Digital World
C．More Texts in Digital Format              
D．Book Price Drops Sharply and Quickly．

19．Wisdom teeth are normally the last teeth to appear．This usually happens when people are in their late teen years or early twenties，in other words，when they are older and wiser．
Wisdom teeth can grow into place normally and never cause a problem．But often there is not enough room for them in the mouth； they might crowd other teeth．Sometimes they even push sideways through the gums （齒齦）
An impacted wisdom tooth is one that fails to completely rise through the gums．Wisdom teeth that only partly break through can leave space for bacteria to enter around the teeth．Infection （感染） is a risk in these cases．
Wisdom teeth that are not well lined and become impacted are often removed．The American Dental Association says removal is generally advised when wisdom teeth only partly break through the gums．Removal is also advised if there is a chance that wisdom teeth are poorly lined．The best time to remove is before the teeth cause any problems or pain．Young adults are the best candidates for wisdom teeth removal．
But why do we have wisdom teeth if we often need to get them removed？One theory has to do with our diets．Scientists say the diet of ancient humans probably required more chewing teeth．Life was probably a little rougher on the teeth back then，too．So it was good to have extras．
68．According to the passage，which of the following statements is NOT true？A
A．Just older and wiser people can have wisdom teeth
B．Wisdom teeth can cause problems if not in their right place
C．Impacted wisdom teeth can't grow out of the gum fully
D．Wisdom teeth that only partly break can get bacterial infections
69．Wisdom teeth should be removedC
A．when they break through the gums
B．when they are below the gums
C．if they are not well lined or get impacted
D．if they take up enough room in the mouth
70．We can learn from the passage thatA
A．impacted wisdom teeth have the risk of getting infected
B．a(chǎn)ncient humans need chewing teeth because of their happy life
C．older adults are the best candidates for wisdom teeth removal
D．more chewing teeth are needed for the diet of modern humans
71．The main purpose of the passage is toD
A．a(chǎn)dvise             B．persuade             C．comment              D．introduce．

18．Traditional fairytales are being abandoned by parents because they are too scary for their young children，a study found．
    Research revealed one in five parents has ditched old classics such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarves and Rapunzel in favour of more modern books．One third of parents said their children have been left in tears after hearing the horrible details of Little Red Riding Hood．And nearly half of mothers and fathers refuse to read Rumplestiltskin to their kids as the themes of the story are kidnapping and execution．Similarly，Goldilocks and the Three Bears was also a tale likely to be left on the book shelf as parents felt it forgives stealing．
    The survey of 2，000 adults was conducted to mark the launch of the hit US drama GRIMM，which starts tonight at 9pm on Watch，and sees six episodes based on traditional fairytales．The poll found a quarter of parents polled wouldn't consider reading a fairytale to their child until they had reached the age of five，as they prompt too many awkward questions from their offspring．
Steve Hornsey，General Manager of Watch，said："Bedtime stories are supposed to soothe children and send them off to sleep soundly．But as we see in GRIMM，fairytales can be dark and dramatic tales so it's understandable that parents worry about reading them to young children．"
"As adults we can see the innocence in fairytales，but a five year old with an over active imagination could take things too seriously．Despite the dark nature of classic fairytales，as we see in GRIMM，good will triumph over evil and there is always a moral to the story．"
   The study also found two thirds of mums and dads try to avoid stories which might give their children nightmares．
   However，half of parents said traditional tales are more likely to have a strong moral message than a lot of modern kids'books，such as The Gruffalo，The Hungary Caterpillar and the Mr．Men books．
36．Why some parents don't want to read Rumplestiltskin to their kids？D
A．Rumplestiltskin is too long
B．Rumplestiltskin is too difficult
C．Rumplestiltskin forgives stealing
D．Rumplestiltskin may have bad influence on Children
37．We can learn from paragraph 3 that Grimm isD
A．a(chǎn) fairytales book          
B．a(chǎn) movie for children
C．a(chǎn) play loved by children    
D．a(chǎn) drama based on traditional fairytales
38．The underlined word"soothe"in paragraph4 can be replaced byB
A．put down   B．calm down  C．take down  D．come down
39．Which of the following may Steve Hornsey agree to？A
A．There is a moral to a classic fairytale
B．Fairytales are dark
C．Adults take fairytales too seriously
D．Fairytales are not good for children's sleep
40．What's the author's attitude towards traditional fairytales？B
A．Optimistic    B．Not mentioned     C．Casual     D．Disapproving．