9.In his 1930 essay"Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren",John Keynes,a famous economist,wrote that human needs fall into two classes:absolute needs,which are independent of what others have,and relative needs,which make us feel superior to our fellows.He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (無止境的),this is not true of abolute needs.
Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority.He was greatly mistaken,however,in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands.
Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demands for almost all goods,including even basic goods like food.When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner,for example,the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them.Their goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.
There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demand for quality.For example,Porsche,a famous car producer,has a model which was considered perhaps the best sport car on the market Priced at over $120,000,it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration.But in 2004,the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration.People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting.To get them,however,they must pay almost four times the prices.
By placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands,Keynes actually reduced such demands.However,the desire for higher quality has no natural limits.
56.According to the passage,John Keynes Believed thatC.
A.desire is the root of both absolute and relative needs
B.a(chǎn)bsolute needs come fom our sense of superiority
C.relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands
D.a(chǎn)bsolute needs are stronger than relative needs
57.What does the word"escalation"paragraph 4probably mean?B
A.Understanding.
B.Incease.
C.Difference.
D.Expectation.
58.The author of the passage argues thatA.
A.a(chǎn)bsolute needs have no limits
B.demands for quality are not insatiable
C.human desires influence ideas of quality
D.relative needs decide most of our spending.