根據(jù)材料并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識回答問題 。（15分）

材料一 在美國憲法的制定過程中，一些政治家認(rèn)為，“人民”和“人民的代表”（國會）是不同的；“人民”高于“人民的代表”；“由人民制定、政府不能更改的”憲法高于“由政府制定、政府能夠更改的”普通法律；國會的立法如果違憲，“自然不能使之生效”。根據(jù)這些理論，最高法院有權(quán)審查國會立法和總統(tǒng)行政命令是否符合憲法。但是，1787年美國憲法沒有相關(guān)規(guī)定，即未建立起司法審查制度。在初期美國政府中，既無財權(quán)、軍權(quán)又無民意基礎(chǔ)的最高法院的地位明顯低于總統(tǒng)和國會。

——摘編自（美）漢密爾頓等《聯(lián)邦黨人文集》

材料二 1803年，最高法院對“馬伯里訴麥迪遜案”做出判決：法院不能行使憲法沒有授予的權(quán)力，國會通過的立法如果違背憲法則無效。該判例確立了最高法院有權(quán)審查國會立法或總統(tǒng)行政命令是否違憲的司法審查制度，從而使最高法院足以與國會或總統(tǒng)相制衡。

——摘編自（美）伯納德 施瓦茨《美國法律史》

（1）根據(jù)材料一并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識，概括美國創(chuàng)立司法審查制度的理論基礎(chǔ)。（7分）

（2）根據(jù)材料一、二并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識，說明“馬伯里訴麥迪遜案”對于美國民主制度的影響。（8分）

［選修1：歷史上重大改革回眸］（15分）

材料 1978年底，安徽省鳳陽縣小崗村18戶農(nóng)民為擺脫貧困，暗中自發(fā)將集體耕地包干到戶。1979年2月，中共安徽省委召開會議，決定在肥西縣山南公社進(jìn)行包產(chǎn)到戶試點(diǎn)，指出：許多干部一講到包產(chǎn)到戶，就心有余悸，可以說談“包”色變，但農(nóng)民普遍希望包產(chǎn)到戶，這是矛盾，必須要在實(shí)踐中加以檢驗(yàn)。會議強(qiáng)調(diào)試點(diǎn)不宣傳、不報道、不推廣。1979年9月，中共中央下發(fā)文件，認(rèn)為因某些副業(yè)生產(chǎn)的特殊需要和邊遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)、交通不便的單家獨(dú)戶可以實(shí)行包產(chǎn)到戶，一般不加以提倡。1980年9月，中央下發(fā)《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)和完善農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制的幾個問題》，指出：“在生產(chǎn)隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下實(shí)行的包產(chǎn)到戶是依存于社會主義經(jīng)濟(jì)，而不會脫離社會主義軌道的，沒有什么復(fù)辟資本主義的危險。”1982年9月，中共“十二大”對以包產(chǎn)到戶為主要形式的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制改革予以肯定，包產(chǎn)到戶在農(nóng)村迅速推廣。1980年11月，全國農(nóng)村實(shí)行包產(chǎn)到戶的生產(chǎn)隊為15％；到1983年初，這一比例達(dá)到93％。

——摘編自胡繩主編《中國共產(chǎn)黨的七十年》等

（1）根據(jù)材料并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識，概括人們“談‘包’色變”的主要原因。（6分）

（2）根據(jù)材料并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識，說明農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制改革推進(jìn)的特點(diǎn)及改革的意義。（9分）

［選修3：20世紀(jì)的戰(zhàn)爭與和平］（15分）

材料 1919年1月，戰(zhàn)勝國在巴黎凡爾賽宮召開和會，處理一站的遺留問題，德國等戰(zhàn)敗國未被允許參會。5月，《凡爾賽和約》草案傳到德國后，全國上下群情激奮，柏林等地舉行了抗議示威；艾伯特總統(tǒng)、謝德曼總理等人，都以激烈的詞句抨擊和約。

但是，鑒于戰(zhàn)敗國的處境，德國還是同意接受大部分條款，同時提出加入國際聯(lián)盟、公正調(diào)查戰(zhàn)爭責(zé)任及修改和約等要求。戰(zhàn)勝國出于私利，拒絕德國的所有要求，還限其在5天內(nèi)必須作出答復(fù)，否則將訴諸武力。6月，德國政府最終被迫簽署和約。簽約后，德國許多報紙都在第一版加上了表示哀悼的黑色鑲邊，并號召準(zhǔn)備復(fù)仇。

——摘編自鄭寅達(dá)《德國史》

（1）根據(jù)材料并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識，概括德國針對巴黎和會與《凡爾賽和約》的訴求。（8分）

（2）根據(jù)材料并結(jié)合所學(xué) 知識，簡析《凡爾賽和約》對德國的影響。（7分）

［選修4：中外歷史人物評說］（15分）

材料 顏真卿“少勤學(xué)業(yè)，有詞藻，尤工書”。唐玄宗時登進(jìn)士甲科，歷官侍御史等職，因?yàn)槿藙傊�，不附�?quán)臣楊國忠，出為平原太守。安史之亂爆發(fā)，其以平原一郡獨(dú)撐河北危局良久。后任刑部尚書，“軍國大事，知無不言”，“累進(jìn)封魯郡公”。藩鎮(zhèn)李希烈反，顏真卿前往安撫，面對叛軍“不能屈節(jié)，當(dāng)自燒”的威脅，憤然赴火。后被叛軍殺害，終年77歲。朝廷贈司徒，謚“文忠”。顏真卿“立朝正色，剛而有禮，非公言直道，不萌于心。天下不以姓名稱，而獨(dú)曰魯公”。史書稱贊他“富于學(xué)，守其正，全其節(jié)，是文之杰也”。

唐人重書法，“工書”者甚眾，顏真卿“善正、草書，筆力遒婉”，尤為后人所推崇。歐陽修得其所書殘碑，贊曰：“顏公書如忠臣烈士、道德君子，其端嚴(yán)尊重，人初見而畏之，然愈久而愈可愛也……雖其殘缺不忍棄之�！�

——據(jù)《舊唐書》等

（1）根據(jù)材料，概括顏真卿的個人品德。（7分）

（2）根據(jù)材料并結(jié)合所學(xué) 知識，簡析顏真卿書法為后世推崇的原因。（8分）

A businessman walks into a bank in San Francisco and asks for the loan officer. He says he is going to Europe on business for two weeks and needs to borrow $5,000．The bank officer says the bank will need some kind of security for such a loan. So the businessman hands over the keys to a Rolls Royce parked on the street in front of the bank. Everything checks out, and the bank agrees to accept the car as collateral for the loan. An employee drives the Rolls into the bank’s underground garage and parks it there.

Two weeks later, the businessman returns, and repays the $5,000 and the interest, which comes to $15.41.

The loan officer says, “We are very happy to have had your business, and this transaction has worked out very nicely, but we are a little puzzled. While you were away, we checked you out and found that you are a multimillionaire. What puzzles us is that why would you bother to borrow $5,000?”

Laughing, the businessman replies, “Where else in San Francisco can I park my car for two weeks for $15?”

1.The businessman walks into the bank with the true purpose of _________.

A. borrowing $5,000 B. meeting the loan officer

C. finding a place to park his car D. showing how rich he is

2.The loan officer is puzzled because _________.

A. he never thought he could meet a multimillionaire in his bank

B. he thinks the businessman is crazy to leave his car in the bank

C. he never thought the businessman could drive a Rolls Royce

D. he thinks $5,000 is so small a sum of money to the businessman

3.The underlined word “collateral” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “_________”.

A. security B. payment

C. reward D. deal

4.Which of the following words can best describe the businessman according to the story?

A. Honest. B. Clever.

C. Rich. D. Kind.

ARLANDA, Sweden （Reuters Life!）—Many people hate the idea of having to sleep on a plane. But Swedish entrepreneur Oscar Dios thinks they can be persuaded otherwise and he has created a new kind of hostel to prove it.

Dios says it is the world’s first jumbo （unusually large） jet hostel, an actual jet-plane at Sweden’s main airport outside Stockholm which has been changed into a 25- room guesthouse that sleeps as many as 72 people.

“I learned about this plane that was standing deserted at Arlanda airport and I’ve been trying the concept of hostels in many different houses and buildings,” he told Reuters. “I thought, ‘Why not a plane?’”

Jumbo Hostels opened for business on Thursday, giving customers the chance to check in and sleep in a room that can best be described as comfortable.”

“The most challenging part with this project is trying to build something inside a metal hull（殼） – it’s just really, really tight.”

The jet, which was originally produced for Singapore Airlines, was taken out of service in 2002. It is held on a concrete foundation with the landing gear secured in steel cradles.

One feature of the hostel is its price – a room starts at 350 Swedish crowns （about $ 41）, which is a lot less than hotel rooms outside of major airports.

Another feature is that customers can get married on the wing of the plane and stay in the plane’s more luxurious honeymoon suite （套房）.

Instead of walking down the aisle in the church, lovebirds can take what Jumbo Hostels calls the “wing walk,” where they can be joined in great happiness at the wing tip. The hostel has someone ready to perform the ceremony.

But in some respects this hostel remains a plane – most customers have to share the jet’s nine bathrooms and the staff only wear air host and hostess outfits. The only room that has its own bathroom is the honeymoon suite.

1.Which of the following is not true?

A. The jet plane was out of use for over eight years

B. The hostel provides ten bathrooms for customers

C. The rooms in the hotel are comfortable

D. The hostel lies at Arlanda airport in Stockholm

2.One of the features of the plane hostel is that .

A. air hostesses can offer good service

B. a wedding ceremony can be held on the wing

C. customers can sleep in comfortable rooms

D. the staff can have a “wing walk”

3.Why does Oscar Dios make jet plane hotel?

A. Because he is fond of plane very much.

B. Because he is very curious

C. Because he wants to earn more money.

D. Because he likes trying the concept of hotel in many different things.

4.The writer mainly wants to .

A. call on people to make use of the deserted things

B. describe a wonderful place for weddings

C. introduce a new kind of hostel

D. prove people can sleep on a plane

Plants are very important living things. Life could not go on if there were no plants. This is because plants can make food from air， water and sunlight. Animals and man cannot make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals. Therefore animals and man need plants in order to live. This is why we find that there are so many plants around us.

If you look carefully at the plants around you， you will find that there are two kinds of plants： flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants can make seeds. The seeds are protected by the fruits. Some fruits have one seed， some have two， three or four， and some have many seeds. But a few fruits have no seeds at all. An example of a fruit without seeds is the banana fruit. Most non-flowering plants do not grow from seeds. They grow from spores（胚芽）. Spores are very small. Some spores are so small and light that they can float in the air. We may say that spores are quite the same as seeds. When these spores are all on wet and shady places， they usually grow into new plants.

1.The main idea of the first paragraph is that ________.

A. plants are important for life B. plants cannot grow without air

C. there are many plants in the world D. we can not live without water

2.What can we infer(推斷) from the passage？

A. Of all living things animals are most.

B. Spores are seeds.

C. All fruits of flowering plants have seeds.

D. Without plants, man will die out.

3.What is the meaning of the underlined word?

A. Kept. B. Guarded.

C. Prevented. D. Surrounded

4.This passage may be taken from ________.

A. a medicine book B. a novel

C. a science magazine D. an experiment report

When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally. The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction. Then she ran along the edge of cliff( 懸崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea.

Her owner Mike Holden panicked and celled the coastguard of Cornwall, who turned up in seconds . Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90-minute search.

Three days later, a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall. Mr. Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead. He comforted himself with the thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the country.

For the next two weeks, the Holdens were heartbroken . Then, one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holder if he would like his dog bark.

A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the alarm, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.

The dog had initially been knocked unconscious(失去知覺的)but had survived by drinking water from a fresh scream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge. “The dog was very thin and hungry,” Steve Tregear said , “It was a very dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water,” he added.

It was ,as Mr. Holden admitted, “a minor miracle(奇跡)”.

1.The dog Jody fell down the cliff when she was

A. rescuing her owner B. caught in a hurricane

C. blocked by a rock D. running after a sheep

2.Who spotted Judy after the accident?

A. A birdwatcher

B. A student from Leeds

C. Six volunteers

D. The coastguard of Cornwall

3.What can we infer from the text?

A. People like to travel with their pets.

B. Judy was taken to the fields for hunting.

C. Luck plays a vital role in Judy's survival.

D. Holden cared little where Judy was buried.

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Miracle of the Coastguard.

B. Surviving a Hurricane.

C. Dangers in the Wild

D. Coming Back from the Dead.

“My wallet!Where is it?”were my first words when I found out my wallet was lost．I searched my memory for a few good seconds，and then ______that I had left my precious wallet in the library．To be ______ ，it was in the public toilet of the library!

_______the library was then closed，I had to wait until the next morning to begin my ______．When I got there early the next day，all I found was a ______bathroom．

At that time，all I could ______was that the person who cleaned the restroom had ______my wallet．So I ______ approached an old lady at the front desk．“Excuse me，is there a wallet found in the restroom yesterday?”She walked through a door and ______ for a moment．Then she came back to the desk．“No，”she said．I quickly thanked her and walked off，_______．

Finally，I painfully______ the fact that my wallet had gone．

A week later，I received a mysterious ______in the mail．Sure enough，it was my ______! And most surprisingly，______ in it was missing! And there was a little yellow piece of paper folded up inside．I slowly unfolded it and a little medal of Christ fell off．The paper______like his：

Always______ this medal with you，whatever your religion is，so the angel that was watching over you last ______ will always be close．

This person didn’t even leave a return ______，so I couldn’t thank whoever it was．

From that day on，I promised myself to ______this example when I was in a similar situation．I will make others as ______as I was when I opened that package !

1.A. predicted B. realized C. explained D. imagined

2.A. obvious B. honest C. exact D. clear

3.A. Because B. Although C. Unless D. Even

4.A. work B. reading C. research D. search

5.A. crowded B. noisy C. clean D. deserted

6.A. run after B. hope for C. remember D. declare

7.A. hidden B. picked C. ignored D. found

8.A. secretly B. aimlessly C. politely D. angrily

9.A. disappeared B. hesitated C. rested D. escaped

10.A. surprised B. disappointed C. satisfied D. ashamed

11.A. accepted B. considered C. changed D. covered

12.A. present B. invitation C. notice D. package

13.A. wallet B. book C. reward D. treasure

14.A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything

15.A. exposed B. described C. read D. announced

16.A. keep B. equip C. compare D. connect

17.A. month B. fortnight C. week D. year

18.A. reminder B. date C. message D. address

19.A. set B. follow C. give D. take

20.A. annoyed B. puzzled C. crazy D. happy

假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\ )劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

About the Spring Festival, there arises some hot topics and lucky money is included. An online survey has carried out these days.

78% of the people consider lucky money one of the most important traditional custom, representing good wishes from the elderly to the new generation. Besides, lucky money is the more attractive part for kids, who forms the good memory of the childhood.

The rest, however, think bad of it. For one thing, the amount is growing bigger and bigger, make it a heavy load. For other, it has been an excuse to bribe (賄賂)people in the power.

Personally speaking, lucky money is nothing wrong. Only before understanding its meaning can we send our hearty wishes to the young.