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Women who want to succeed at work should resist the temptation to act like men, scientists have said. Studies show that ambitious women are often less likely to get ahead than those who show more female characteristics. However, if they try to adapt, promotion comes their way. The findings, which will let assertive (過分自信的) women down, suggest that the best way for a woman to succeed in a man’s world is to act like a lady.

   Past research has shown that women with self-confidence and other characteristics linked with successful management can be put aside at work in favor of gentle types. It is thought that while such characteristics are highly praised in men, ambitious women are penalized for not being feminine enough. Instead of being seen as strong managers, ambitious women are in an unfavorable situation.

   In one US study, researchers explored personal details from university students applying for a summer job at a bank. A women applicant who attempted to apply for special wages to pay her transport or living costs was three and a half times less likely to get a job offer than a similar male. In fact, this kind of woman was the least likely to get taken on.

   The latest study set out to explore what women who are naturally assertive could do to get ahead in the workplace. Eighty young men and women completed surveys about their personality while studying in college. Around eight years later, the researchers got back in touch with them to find out how their careers were going. Some had been promoted five times, others just once or twice. The results showed that ambitious women who stick to their decisions had been promoted less than more feminine groups. But the ambitious women who made a conscious effort to not appear to be threatening by “self-controlling” their behavior had done better than those who had carried on ignoring others’ views.

1. What does the underlined word “penalized” mean in the second paragraph?

   A. Treated badly                             B. Asked to leave

   C. Looked down upon                          D. Made sb. have a disadvantage

2.According to the passage, if an ambitious woman and a similar man both ask the company for an extra payment, ______.

   A. the woman is less likely to be accepted

   B. the woman will work harder if she gets the payment

   C. the man can make a good impression on the boss

   D. they can be both accepted if they use proper words

3.The ambitious women in the latest study ______.

   A. had been promoted only once or twice

   B. tried hard to be as successful as gentle types

   C. were more accepted at work after they controlled their behavior

   D. filled in the surveys after they graduated from college

4.What can we learn from the passage?

   A. Successful management is highly praised in women.

   B. Some women will be disappointed by the massage.

   C. Men acting like a lady are likely to be promoted at work.

   D. The latest study was aimed at how to become a successful boss.

5.What’s the main idea of the passage?

   A. How assertive women can control their behavior.

   B. Feminists can do better by controlling their behavior.

   C. Acting like a man won’t get women promoted at work.

   D. How the ambitious women can avoid acting like men.

 

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閱讀理解

　　Even before historian Joseph Ellis became a best-selling author, he was famous for his vivid lectures．In his popular courses at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts, he would often make classroom discussion lively by describing his own fighting experience in Vietnam．But as Ellis's reputation grew--his books on the Founding Fathers won both the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize－the history professor began to entertain local and national reporters with his memories of war．Last year, after The Boston Globe reported Ellis's experience in the Vietnam war, someone who knew the truth about Ellis dropped a dime．Last week The Boston Globe revealed that Ellis, famous for explaining the nation's history, had some explaining to do about his own past．

　　“Even in the best of lives, mistakes are made," said Ellis．It turned out that while the historian had served in the Army, he'd spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia, but teaching history at West Point(西點軍校)．He'd also overstated his role in the antiwar movement and even his high-school athletic records．His admission shocked colleagues, fellow historians and students who wondered why someone so successful would beautify his past．But it seems that success and truthfulness don’t always go hand in hand．Even among the successful achievers, security experts say, one in ten is deceiving．And, oddly, people often beautify their past once they're famous, says Ernest Brod of Kroll Associates, which has conducted thousands of background checks．

　　Then what makes them do it? Psychologists say some people succeed, at least in part, because they are uniquely adjusted to the expectations of others．And no matter how well-known, those people can be haunted(長期不斷的纏繞)by a sense of their own shortcomings．"From outside, these people look anything but fragile," says Dennis Shulman, a psychoanalyst．"But inside, they feel hollow, empty,”

(1)

Which of the following shows the order of what happened to Ellis?

a．He became a best-selling author．

b．He taught at Mount Holyoke College．

c．His books won two important prizes．

d．The Boston Globe reported his experience in Vietnam．

e．He entertained reporters with his memories of war．

[　　]

A．

abced

B．

bedca

C．

acbde

D．

bcaed

(2)

The underlined part "dropped a dime" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”

[　　]

A．

let sb．down

B．

informed on sb．

C．

made sb．famous

D．

punished sb．badly

(3)

While Ellis served in the Army, he ________

[　　]

A．

fought in Vietnam

B．

taught history at a military school

C．

pretended to be a historian

D．

made mistakes in the antiwar movement．

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Mistrust Mars Zhengzhou Ride-share Effort

More than 300 private car owners from a central Chinese city volunteered to offer free rides to citizens to ease crowded public transportation, but many local people didn't accept the offer for fear of being cheated.

The ride-share program was begun in October in Zhengzhou, capital of Henan Province, when Ye Zhantong, a private car driver, started to gather volunteers to offer the free service. The drivers tied a green silk ribbon (絲帶) on the car to differentiate themselves from unlicensed taxi drivers. But the free rides haven't been popular among the public as increasing reports of dishonesty have dried up many local citizens' trust towards strangers.

Ye said some of the volunteers have dropped out after they felt their kind intention was being questioned. Passersby walking in heavy rainfall or passengers who missed a bus would remain silent and walk away when the volunteers would stop and offer a ride.

“It's so common that people give us the cold shoulder, and sometimes, take our kindness as ill will,” said one of Ye's volunteers, identified as Binge. “Many would even say: 'Let's get out of here quickly to avoid being cheated by him.'” Some commenters on Weibo explained why they hesitated to participate in a ride-share program. “Trusting a stranger might bring huge risks. I can't take the risk,” one Internet user wrote.

Some said Ye's group wasn't authorized, and cheaters pretending to be kind drivers might volunteer. They suggested traffic authorities issue rules to regulate, protect and promote ride-share programs.

61. The ride-share cars were driven by _____ drivers.

A. licensed taxi         B. unlicensed taxi          C. private car               D. specially-trained

62. Some of the ride-share car drivers _____ .

A. were forced to join Ye’s group                   B. once behaved dishonestly

C. offered free rides only to acquaintances             D. have left Ye’s group

63. The free rides haven't been popular among the public because _____.

A. people often have enough time to wait         B. some think the drivers are cheaters

C. there are many taxies available                    D. many people choose to save money

64. Which correctly explains the expression “give sb. the cold shoulder”?

A. To be unfriendly to sb. .                                   B. To help sb. unwillingly.

C. To sit silently beside sb. .                          D. To try hard to support sb. .

65. The underlined word “mar” in the title possibly means “ _____”.

A. make sth. work the way it should                     B. make sth. less attractive or enjoyable

C.       help sth. to develop or increase                  D. damage sth. so badly that it no longer exists

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閱讀理解

　　Even before historian Joseph Ellis became a best-selling author, he was famous for his vivid lectures．In his popular courses at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts, he would often make classroom discussion lively by describing his own fighting experience in Vietnam．But as Ellis's reputation grew--his books on the Founding Fathers won both the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize ---the history professor began to entertain local and national reporters with his memories of war．Last year, after The Boston Globe reported Ellis's experience in the Vietnam war, someone who knew the truth about Ellis dropped a dime．Last week The Boston Globe revealed that Ellis, famous for explaining the nation's history, had some explaining to do about his own past．

　　“Even in the best of lives, mistakes are made," said Ellis．It turned out that while the historian had served in the Army, he'd spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia, but teaching history at West Point(西點軍校)．He'd also overstated his role in the antiwar movement and even his high-school athletic records．His admission shocked colleagues, fellow historians and students who wondered why someone so successful would beautify his past．But it seems that success and truthfulness don’t always go hand in hand．Even among the successful achievers, security experts say, one in ten is deceiving．And, oddly, people often beautify their past once they're famous, says Ernest Brod of Kroll Associates, which has conducted thousands of background checks．

　　Then what makes them do it? Psychologists say some people succeed, at least in part, because they are uniquely adjusted to the expectations of others．And no matter how well-known, those people can be haunted(長期不斷的纏繞)by a sense of their own shortcomings．"From outside, these people look anything but fragile," says Dennis Shulman, a psychoanalyst．"But inside, they feel hollow, empty,”

(1)

Which of the following shows the order of what happened to Ellis?

a．He became a best-selling author．

b．He taught at Mount Holyoke College．

c．His books won two important prizes．

d．The Boston Globe reported his experience in Vietnam．

e．He entertained reporters with his memories of war．

[　　]

A．

abced

B．

bedca

C．

acbde

D．

bcaed

(2)

The underlined part "dropped a dime" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”

[　　]

A．

let sb．down

B．

informed on sb．

C．

made sb．famous

D．

punished sb．badly

(3)

While Ellis served in the Army, he ________

[　　]

A．

fought in Vietnam

B．

taught history at a military school

C．

pretended to be a historian

D．

made mistakes in the antiwar movement．

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Back in the fifteenth century, in a tiny village near Nuremberg, lived a family with eighteen children．In spite of the hopeless condition, two of the children, Albrecht Durer and Albert, had a dream．They both wanted to pursue their talent for art．After many long discussions, the two boys finally worked out an agreement．They would toss a coin．The loser would go down into the nearby mines and, with his earnings, support his brother who attended the academy．Then, when that brother who won the toss completed his studies, in four years, he would support the other brother at the academy．
Tossing a coin, Albrecht Durer won and went off to Nuremberg．Albert went down into the dangerous mines and, for the next four years, supported his brother, whose work at the academy was almost an immediate sensation（轟動）．By the time he graduated, he had earned considerable fees for his outstanding works．
When the young artist returned to his village, the Durer family held a festive dinner to celebrate Albrecht’s triumphant（勝利的）homecoming．Albrecht drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice that had enabled him to complete his dream．“And now, Albert, blessed brother of mine, now it is your turn．Now you can go to Nuremberg to look for your dream, and I will take care of you．”
Tears streaming down his pale face, Albert sobbed, “No．．．no．．．It is too late for me．Look．．．look at what four years in the mines have done to my hands！The bones in every finger have been broken at least once, and lately I have been suffering from arthritis（關(guān)節(jié)炎）so badly in my right hand that I cannot even hold a glass to return your toast, much less draw delicate lines with a pen or a brush．”
To show thanks to Albert for all that he had sacrificed, Albrecht Durer painstakingly drew his brother’s injured hands with palms together and thin fingers stretched skyward．He called his powerful drawing simply “Hands”, but the entire world almost immediately opened their hearts to his great masterpiece and renamed it “The Praying Hands”．The next time you see a copy of that touching creation, let it be your reminder—no one ever makes any success alone！

  1. 1.

    Why did the two brothers work out the agreement？

    1. A.
      They were so curious as to make a joke．
    2. B.
      Their family couldn’t afford the academy．
    3. C.
      One of the brothers was supposed to go into mines．
    4. D.
      They wanted to support the other sisters and brothers．
  2. 2.

    The underlined word “whose” in Para．2 refers to _____ ．

    1. A.
      the Durer family’s
    2. B.
      the miners
    3. C.
      Albert’s
    4. D.
      Albrecht’s
  3. 3.

    Which of the following statements is NOT true about Albrecht Durer？

    1. A.
      He began to earn his living after graduation
    2. B.
      He did perfectly well at the academy
    3. C.
      He wanted his brother to go to the academy
    4. D.
      He created great masterpieces
  4. 4.

    Which of the following is the correct order of the story？
    a．Albrecht went to Nuremberg
    b．Albert supported his brother
    c．The Durer family held a festive dinner
    d．Albrecht drew his brother’s injured hands
    e．The brothers tossed a coin．

    1. A.
      b, a, c, d, e
    2. B.
      a, e, c, d, b
    3. C.
      e, a, c, b, d
    4. D.
      e, a, b, c, d
  5. 5.

    What can we learn from the story？

    1. A.
      One can achieve success simply on his own
    2. B.
      Any success requires the help of others．
    3. C.
      It’s other people who contribute to one’s success
    4. D.
      Nobody could succeed without good guidance

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