For a normal young child nothing is more important than his relationship with his mother. He gains enormous pleasure when what he does pleases her, and is miserable or even afraid when he does things which make her cross. He doesn’t know the difference between good and bad.

It would be ridiculous to talk of a wicked three-year-old. To him it is just as bad to break a cup by accident as to break it on purpose in a fit of temper. If asked at the age of five what is good. He’ll say, ‘Eating up my dinner is good’ or ‘Helping Mummy in the garden is good’. The desire to please is soon directed to his father and then to close relatives, ‘I’m a good boy to help Dad to clean the car’ and ‘I was naughty to throw custard at Granny’. A child is approved of and disapproved of so often that he gradually forms a general idea of what kind of actions are approved of (like being helpful, careful, obedient) and what is disapproved of (line bullying, lying, etc.) This process takes several years. By about the age of 13, he will not say merely ‘Helping my mother is good’, but ‘It’s good to help people’ instead of ‘I’m naughty not to finish my dinner’, he’ll say ‘It’s bad to waste food’, and instead of ‘I was naughty to throw custard at Granny’, he’ll say’ It’s bad to lack self-control’. It’s this general idea of what is good and bad that most people relate to conscience. It’s a widely held view that the kind of conscience you have depends almost entirely on the way you were brought up in the first few years of your life. All this training is stored up in the unconscious mind and later influences your decisions when you have to make moral choices.

1.The child’s ideas of good and bad grow out of ______.

A. his judgment

B.his education given by his parents

C.his desire to please people

D.his behavior

2.It’s senseless to say that a three-year-old child is wicked because ______.

A. he does not see the difference between true and false

B.he does not see the difference between ‘bad’ things that he does by accident and ‘bad ’things that he does on purpose

C.he does not know very much about the world

D.he has difficulty in forming the usual ideas of good and bad

3.Which of the following is true?

A. The child learns general ideas of good and bad in the first few years.

B.Bullying and lying are examples of actions that are approved of.

C.A child of six is likely to say, ‘It’s good to help people.’

D.Childhood training has an influence on the making of moral choices in later life.

根據(jù)對(duì)話情景和內(nèi)容，從對(duì)話后所給的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入每一空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Jane: Oh, that’s Mr Taylor. He is so boring.
Mother :What do you mean?
Jane:  6  And he’s so tempered, Mum.
Mother :  7  Are you sure, daring?
Jane: Yes, he gets angry very quickly.
Mother:  8
Jane: And do you know , he spends all his time looking at his reflection in the window , admiring himself?
Mother : Really?   9
Jane: Because he is in vain, that’s  why ! And conceited (自負(fù)的).He thinks he knows everything.
Mother: Oh, Jane. Be reasonable. I’m sure you are exaggerating
(夸張). Mr Taylor seems such a nice and kind man.
Jane:  10 He’s mean and cruel.
Mother: Cruel? Now how can a history teacher be cruel?
Jane: Because he only gave me two out of ten marks in my history test .
Mother: Oh , now I understand, Jane. I think you’d better get on with your homework.

He was 11 years old and went fishing every chance he got from the dock at his family's cabin on an island in the middle of a New Hampshire lake.
On the day before the bass season opened, he and his father were fishing early in the evening, catching sunfish and perch（鱸魚）with worms. Then he tied on a small silver lure（魚餌）and practiced casting. The lure struck the water and caused colored ripples in the sunset, then silver ripples as the moon rose over the lake.
When his pole doubled over, he knew something huge was on the other end. His father watched with admiration as the boy skillfully worked the fish alongside the dock.
Finally, he very gingerly lifted the exhausted fish from the water. It was the largest one he had ever seen, but it was a bass. The boy and his father looked at the handsome fish, gills playing back and forth in the moonlight. The father lit a match and looked at his watch. It was 10 P.M.--- two hours before the season opened. He looked at the fish, then at the boy.
"You'll have to put it back, son," he said.
"Dad!" cried the boy.
"There will be other fish," said his father.
"Not as big as this one," cried the boy.
He looked around the lake. No other fishermen or boats were anywhere around in the moonlight. He looked again at his father. Even though no one had seen them, nor could anyone ever know what time he caught the fish, the boy could tell by the clarity of his father's voice that the decision was not negotiable. He slowly worked the hook out of the lip of the huge bass and lowered it into the black water.
The creature swished its powerful body and disappeared. The boy suspected that he would never again see such a great fish.
That was 34 years ago. Today, the boy is a successful architect in New York City. His father's cabin is still there on the island in the middle of the lake. He takes his own son and daughters fishing from the same dock.
He was right. He has never again caught such a magnificent fish as the one he landed that night long ago. But he does see that same fish---again and again---every time he comes up against a question of ethics（道德規(guī)范）.
66. Why did the father ask his son to put the perch back?
A. Because the father disliked the perch.  B. Because the father was afraid of being fined.
C. Because the ethics must be observed.
D. Because the son was more experience in fishing than his father.
67. The underlined word “negotiable” in the passage refers to _________.
A. reasonable     B. transferable     C. acceptable    D. reliable
68. When does the architect (the father’s son) think of that perch put back?
A. When he takes his own son and daughters fishing from the same dock.
B. When he builds many famous buildings.
C. When he pays a visit to his old father.
D. When he faces some problems about ethics.
69. Which word can not be used to describe the boy’s father?
A. honest    B. noble-minded      C. caring        D. generous
70. From the passage, we can learn _________.
A. how we do the right thing and are strengthened
B. how we have a chance to beat the system and take it
C. how we master some skills of going fishing
D. how we understand our parents’ words is very important

My best friend, Tom, and I live in a senior-citizen apartment in a lovely small town. Tom is a ten-year-old dog and I am a sixty-nine-year-old lady .
Years ago, I __36__  when I retired I would get a dog to __37__  my golden years. From the very beginning, Tom has always been __38_ and I never have to tell him anything more than once. He is extremely __39___ and always puts back the toys where they were after __40__.He is a wonderful companion. We sometimes play a ___41___together. He does many amusing things that make me laugh. As a result, I enjoy his__42___.
One afternoon, Tom started acting ___43__. I was sitting on the floor playing with him, __44___he started sniffing at the right side of my chest. He had never done anything like this before, suddenly he threw his entire__45__at the right side of my chest, and I cried in___46___.
Soon after this, I felt a lump(腫塊). After X-rays and tests, doctors told me I __47__cancer. When cancer started, for an unknown __48___, a wall of calcium(鈣化壁) built. Then the lump or cancer _49__ itself to the wall. When Tom __50__on me, the force broke the lump away from the calcium wall, which made me ___ 51__the lump. Before that, I couldn’t see or feel it, so there was no way for me to know it was there.
I had a complete __ 52___ and the cancer did not spread. The doctors told me if the cancer had gone unfound even six more months, it would have been too late.
Was Tom ___53__ of just what he was doing? I’ll never really know. What I do
know is that I’ m glad I made a promise to_ 54 __my golden years with this wonderful creature---- for Tom not only shares his life with me; he has made sure that I will be ___55___to share my life with him.

If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.
If you say to your children “I’m sorry I got angry with you, but …” what follows that “but” can make the apology ineffective: ” I had a bad day” or “your noise was giving me a headache ” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior.
Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “I’m sorry you’re upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.
These pseudo(虛假的)-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness, Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not turn to these pseudo-apologies.
But even when presented with examples of true regret, children still need help to become aware of the difficulties of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling(糟蹋) other children’s expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that taking away the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent’s clothes without permission is not.
【小題1】If a mother adds “but” to an apology,________.