【題目】閱讀下面的文言文,完成下列小題。

楚左尹項(xiàng)伯者,項(xiàng)羽季父也,素善留侯張良。張良是時(shí)從沛公,項(xiàng)伯乃夜馳之沛公軍,私見張良,具告以事,欲呼張良與俱去,曰:“毋從俱死也!睆埩荚唬骸俺紴轫n王送沛公,沛公今事有急,亡去不義,不可不語!绷寄巳耄吒媾婀。沛公大驚,曰:“為之奈何?”張良曰:“誰為大王為此計(jì)者?” 曰:“鯫生說我曰:‘距關(guān),毋內(nèi)諸侯,秦地可盡王也!事犞!绷荚唬骸傲洗笸跏孔渥阋援(dāng)項(xiàng)王乎?”沛公默然,曰:“固不如也。且為之奈何?”張良曰:“請往謂項(xiàng)伯,言沛公不敢背項(xiàng)王也!迸婀唬骸熬才c項(xiàng)伯有故?”張良曰:“秦時(shí)與臣游,項(xiàng)伯殺人,臣活之;今事有急,故幸來告良!迸婀唬骸笆肱c君少長?”良曰:“長于臣!迸婀唬骸熬秊槲液羧,吾得兄事之!睆埩汲,要項(xiàng)伯。項(xiàng)伯即入見沛公。沛公奉卮酒為壽,約為婚姻,曰:“吾入關(guān)秋毫不敢有所近籍吏民封府庫而待將軍。所以遣將守關(guān)者,備他盜之出入與非常也。日夜望將軍至,豈敢反乎!愿伯具言臣之不敢倍德也!表(xiàng)伯許諾 ,謂沛公曰:“旦日不可不蚤自來謝項(xiàng)王!迸婀唬骸爸Z!庇谑琼(xiàng)伯復(fù)夜去,至軍中,具以沛公言報(bào)項(xiàng)王。因言曰:“沛公不先破關(guān)中,公豈敢入乎?今人有大功而擊之,不義也。不如因善遇之!表(xiàng)王許諾。

(節(jié)選自《鴻門宴》)

1下列對選文的斷句,正確的一項(xiàng)是

A. 吾入關(guān)/秋毫不敢有所/近籍吏民/封府/庫而待將軍。

B. 吾入關(guān)/秋毫不敢有所近/籍吏民封府庫/而待將軍。

C. 吾入關(guān)/秋毫不敢/有所近籍/吏民封府庫/而待將軍。

D. 吾入關(guān)/秋毫不敢有所近/籍吏民/封府庫/而待將軍。

2下列對文中加點(diǎn)詞語的相關(guān)內(nèi)容的解說,不正確的一項(xiàng)是

A. 鯫生:意思是淺陋無知的小人。鯫,淺陋、卑微。

B. 兄事之:用對待兄長的禮節(jié)侍奉他。兄,名詞活用為狀語,像對待兄長一樣。

C. 籍吏民:官吏、百姓的戶籍。

D. 約為婚姻:雙方約定成為兒女親家。婚姻:古今異義詞,古義指約為兒女親家,男方為婚,女方為姻。

3下列對原文有關(guān)內(nèi)容的概括和分析,不正確的一項(xiàng)是

A. 罵鯫生、拉攏項(xiàng)伯等細(xì)節(jié)表現(xiàn)出了劉邦能言善辯、善于應(yīng)變的性格。

B. 項(xiàng)羽信任項(xiàng)伯,改變主意,答應(yīng)善遇劉邦,為鴻門宴最后的結(jié)局埋下伏筆。

C. 緊急形勢下,張良只要?jiǎng)钊ヒ婍?xiàng)伯,可見他也不知如何是好。

D. 項(xiàng)伯為報(bào)私恩夜訪張良,這使戰(zhàn)爭危機(jī)忽然出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)。

4把文中面橫線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。

(1)項(xiàng)伯乃夜馳之沛公軍,私見張良,具告以事。

(2)所以遣將守關(guān)者,備他盜之出入與非常也。

【答案】

1D

2D

3C

4(1)項(xiàng)伯于是連夜趕到劉邦的軍營,秘密地見了張良,把事情都告訴了他。

(2)特意派遣將領(lǐng)守護(hù)函谷關(guān)(的原因),是(為了)防備其它的盜賊進(jìn)入和意外變故(發(fā)生)。

【解析】

1試題分析:本題考查正確斷句的能力,所選文段出自課內(nèi),難度不大,考生可依據(jù)自己對課文的掌握情況直接選出正確答案。如對課文不熟悉,聯(lián)系“秋毫無犯”這個(gè)成語,可知“秋毫不敢有所近”中間不能斷開,可排除AC兩項(xiàng);再考慮到“籍吏民”“封府庫”結(jié)構(gòu)相同,說的是卻是兩件事,中間應(yīng)斷開,據(jù)此就可以確定答案為D項(xiàng)。

2試題分析:C項(xiàng),“官吏、百姓的戶籍”不正確!凹痹谶@里是名詞作動(dòng)詞,登記戶籍,“籍吏民”的意思就是登記官吏和百姓,就是造官吏名冊和戶籍冊。本題既考查古今異義詞,還考查詞類活用現(xiàn)象,也涉及古代文化常識(shí),考生要注意依據(jù)平時(shí)的積累逐一分析,確定答案。

3試題分析:C項(xiàng)“不知如何是好”分析錯(cuò)誤,由原文請往謂項(xiàng)伯,言沛公不敢背項(xiàng)王也可知,得知了項(xiàng)羽的計(jì)謀,張良并沒有慌亂,而是給劉邦出了關(guān)鍵的一計(jì),引見劉邦去見項(xiàng)伯,并且讓劉邦借項(xiàng)伯向項(xiàng)羽道歉,這就為次日鴻門宴上劉邦脫險(xiǎn)埋好了伏筆。

4試題分析:此題考查理解并翻譯句子的能力。此題要在準(zhǔn)確把握文意的基礎(chǔ)上,直譯為主,意譯為輔,理解文中某些關(guān)鍵性語句,如重點(diǎn)實(shí)詞、虛詞意義、判斷句、被動(dòng)句、賓語前置、成分省略和詞類活用等,用規(guī)范的現(xiàn)代漢語把它表達(dá)出來。此題翻譯時(shí)需要注意的關(guān)鍵詞句有(1)“之”,動(dòng)詞,到;“私”,秘密;“具告以事”,狀語后置句,把事情完整地告訴了他。(2) “所以”,……的原因;“出入”,偏義復(fù)詞,進(jìn)入;“非!,古今異義詞,意外的變故。

參考譯文

楚國的左尹項(xiàng)伯,是項(xiàng)羽的叔父,一向同留侯張良交好。張良這時(shí)正跟隨著劉邦。項(xiàng)伯就連夜騎馬跑到劉邦的軍營,私下會(huì)見張良,把事情詳細(xì)地告訴了他,想叫張良和他一起離開,說:“不要和(劉邦)他們一起死了!睆埩颊f:“我是韓王派給沛公的人,現(xiàn)在沛公遇到危急的事,逃走是不守信義的,不能不告訴他。”于是張良進(jìn)去,詳細(xì)地告訴了劉邦。劉邦大驚,說:“這件事怎么辦?”張良說:“是誰給大王出這條計(jì)策的?”劉邦說:“一個(gè)見識(shí)短淺的小子勸我說:‘守住函谷關(guān),不要放諸侯進(jìn)來,秦國的土地可以全部占領(lǐng)而稱王。’所以就聽了他的話!睆埩颊f:“估計(jì)大王的軍隊(duì)足夠用來抵擋項(xiàng)王嗎?”劉邦沉默了一會(huì)兒,說:“當(dāng)然不如啊。這又將怎么辦呢?”張良說:“請您親自告訴項(xiàng)伯,說劉邦不敢背叛項(xiàng)王。”劉邦說:“你怎么和項(xiàng)伯有交情?”張良說:“秦朝時(shí),他和我交往,項(xiàng)伯殺了人,我使他活了下來;現(xiàn)在事情危急,幸虧他來告訴我。”劉邦說:“他和你年齡誰大誰?”張良說:“比我大!眲钫f:“你替我請他進(jìn)來,我要像對待兄長一樣對待他。”張良出去,邀請項(xiàng)伯。項(xiàng)伯就進(jìn)去見劉邦。劉邦捧上一杯酒向項(xiàng)伯祝酒,和項(xiàng)伯約定結(jié)為兒女親家,說:“我進(jìn)入關(guān)中,一點(diǎn)東西都不敢據(jù)為己有,登記了官吏、百姓,封閉了倉庫,等待將軍到來。(我)派遣將領(lǐng)把守函谷關(guān)的原因,是為了防備其他盜賊進(jìn)來和意外的變故。我日夜盼望將軍到來,怎么敢反叛呢?希望您全部告訴項(xiàng)王我不敢背叛項(xiàng)王的恩德。”項(xiàng)伯答應(yīng)了,告訴劉邦說:“明天早晨不能不早些親自來向項(xiàng)王道歉!眲钫f:“好!庇谑琼(xiàng)伯又連夜離去,回到軍營里,把劉邦的話報(bào)告了項(xiàng)羽,趁機(jī)說:“沛公不先攻破關(guān)中,你怎么敢進(jìn)關(guān)來呢?現(xiàn)在人家有了大功,卻要攻打他,這是不講信義。不如趁此好好對待他!表(xiàng)王答應(yīng)了。

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