Question

【題目】 Skin cancer deaths among men have jumped sharply in wealthy nations since 1985, with death rates among women rising more slowly or even declining, researchers have told a medical conference in Glasgow.

Reasons for the difference between sexes are unclear but evidence suggests men are less likely to protect themselves from the sun or pay attention to public health warnings, Dorothy Yang, a doctor said.

More than 90% of melanoma (黑素瘤) cancers are caused by skin cell damage from exposure to the sun or other sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, according to the US Centers for Disease Control.

In eight of 18 developed countries examined, men’s skin cancer death rates had increased in the past 30 years by at least 50%.

But the nations with the biggest rise in skin cancer deaths were often not those with the highest death rates, the research showed. In Australia, for example, nearly six out of every 100,000 men died of the disease in 2013 -2015. That is twice the second highest death rate (Finland), but only a 10% increase compared to 30 years earlier.

Australia has been an early performer of public health media campaigns since the 1970s to promote sun-smart’ behaviour. While debate continues on how much of Australia’s record skin cancer rate originates from the sun, 30 years of public health campaigns have no doubt made Australians acutely aware of the dangers.

Skin cancer deaths among women in 1985 in Australia occurred at half the rate as for men, and declined by 10% over the next 30 years. In other countries, female death from the disease went down over the same period. In some other sun-loving nations, however, women saw at least as sharp a jump from 1985 to 2015 in death rates as men.

Scientists are studying whether biological or genetic factors might also play a role in skin cancer, but findings so far are inconclusive.

【1】What can be concluded from the passage?

A.Death rates among women are declining all the time.

B.Australia is the first country to conduct public health media campaigns.

C.Death rate of skin cancer in Australia was once the highest.

D.Female death rate of skin cancer in some sun-loving countries went down.

【2】What probably keeps people away from skin cancer according to the text?

A.Declining exposure to UV.

B.Biological or genetic factors.

C.People’s love for sun.

D.People paying little attention to public health warnings.

【3】What does the underlined word “inconclusive” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A.Unclear.B.Evident.C.Definite.D.Satisfying.

【4】What’s people’s attitude to public health campaigns in Australia?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Critical.D.Controversial.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】A

【4】B

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了皮膚癌的發(fā)病原因和在全球發(fā)病的狀況。比如澳大利亞曾經(jīng)是皮膚癌死亡率最高的國(guó)家，通過(guò)公共媒體不停的宣傳，人們意識(shí)到陽(yáng)光照射過(guò)度的危險(xiǎn)。

【1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中In Australia, for example, nearly six out of every 100,000 men died of the disease in 2013 -2015. That is twice the second highest death rate (Finland), but only a 10% increase compared to 30 years earlier.(以澳大利亞為例，2013年至2015年，每10萬(wàn)名男性中就有近六人死于這種疾病。這是第二高死亡率(芬蘭)的兩倍，但與30年前相比只增長(zhǎng)了10%。)可知，澳大利亞曾經(jīng)是皮膚癌死亡率最高的國(guó)家。故選C。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段More than 90% of melanoma (黑素瘤) cancers are caused by skin cell damage from exposure to the sun or other sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, according to the US Centers for Disease Control.(根據(jù)美國(guó)疾病控制中心的數(shù)據(jù)，超過(guò)90%的黑色素瘤癌癥是由皮膚細(xì)胞受到陽(yáng)光或其他紫外線輻射的傷害引起的。)可知，“減少紫外線照射”讓人們遠(yuǎn)離皮膚癌。故選A。

【3】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段Scientists are studying whether biological or genetic factors might also play a role in skin cancer, but findings so far are inconclusive.(科學(xué)家們正在研究生物學(xué)或遺傳學(xué)因素是否也可能在皮膚癌中起作用，但目前的研究結(jié)果還沒(méi)有定論。)推知，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，所以后面內(nèi)容與前面相反，劃線詞的意思是“不清楚”。故選A。

【4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段Australia has been an early performer of public health media campaigns since the 1970s to promote sun-smart’ behaviour. While debate continues on how much of Australia’s record skin cancer rate originates from the sun, 30 years of public health campaigns have no doubt made Australians acutely aware of the dangers.（自上世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái)，澳大利亞一直是公共衛(wèi)生媒體宣傳“陽(yáng)光聰明”行為的早期參與者。盡管關(guān)于澳大利亞創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的皮膚癌發(fā)病率中有多少源自太陽(yáng)的爭(zhēng)論仍在繼續(xù)，但30年來(lái)的公共健康運(yùn)動(dòng)無(wú)疑讓澳大利亞人深刻意識(shí)到了其中的危險(xiǎn)。）可知，人們對(duì)澳大利亞的公共衛(wèi)生運(yùn)動(dòng)持肯定的態(tài)度。故選B。