Question

【題目】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Big trees are incredibly important ecologically. For a start, they provide food for countless other species and shelter for many animals. With their tall branches in the sun, they capture vast amounts of energy. This allows them to produce massive crops of fruit and flowers that sustain much of the animal life in the forest.

Only a small number of tree species have the genetic ability to grow really big. The biggest are native to North America, but big trees grow all over the globe, from the tropics to the forests of the high latitudes(緯度). To achieve giant size, a tree needs three things: the right place to establish its seeding, good growing conditions and lots of time with low adult death rate. Lose any of these, and you will lose your biggest trees.

In some parts of the world, populations of big trees are dwindling because their seedings cannot survive. In southern India, for instance, an aggressive non-native bush, Lantana camara, is invading the floor of many forests. Lantana grows so thickly that young trees often fail to take root. With no young trees to replace them, it is only a matter of time before most of the big trees disappear.

Without the right growing conditions, trees cannot get really big and there is some evidence to suggest tree growth could slow in a warmer world, particularly in environments that are already warm. Having worked for decades at La Selva Biological Station in Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica, David and Deborah Clark and colleagues have shown that tree growth there declines markedly in warmer years. “During the day, their growth shuts down when it gets too warm, and at night they consume more energy because their metabolic(新陳代謝的)rate increases,” explains David Clark. With less energy produced in warmer years and more being consumed just to survive, there is even less energy available for growth.

The Clarks’ theory, if correct, means tropical forests would shrink over time. The largest, oldest trees would progressively die off and tend not to be replaced. According to the Clarks, this might cause a destabilization of the climate; as older trees die, forests would release some of their stored carbon into the atmosphere, causing a cycle of further warming, forest shrinkage and carbon emissions.

Besides, big trees face threats from elsewhere.

【1】 All the following factors are a must for making big trees EXCEPT_________.

A. genetic contribution

B. no deadly damage

C. ideal environment for growth

D. right place to establish its seeding

【2】The word “dwindling”(paragraph3) is closest in meaning to “_______”.

A. exploding B. decreasing

C. changing D. growing

【3】 What is the best title of the passage?

A. Results of big trees’ disappearing.

B. Advantage of big trees.

C. Big trees in trouble

D. Importance of big trees to humans.

【4】What will the author most probably discuss after the last paragraph?

A. Comparison between common trees and big ones.

B. The effect of human activities on big trees.

C. Benefits of big trees to the whole atmosphere.

D. More threats to the existence of big trees.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

試題分析：本文屬于說明文，介紹了地球上的大樹的重要作用，世界上的大樹所面臨的艱難現(xiàn)狀，數(shù)量在不斷減少，分析了這一情況出現(xiàn)的原因。

【1】A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句To achieve giant size, a tree needs three things: the right place to establish its seeding, good growing conditions and lots of time with low adult death rate.可知種子，好的生存環(huán)境和正確的生長地點(diǎn)是大樹存在的主要原因。文章只在第二段第一句Only a small number of tree species have the genetic ability to grow really big.中提到了只有少數(shù)的樹種能夠長成大樹。文章中并沒有提到A項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是大樹存在的主要原因。

【2】B 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后半句because their seedings cannot survive.因?yàn)樗麄兊姆N子無法存活，自然大樹的數(shù)量會(huì)減少。所以該詞意為“decreasing”。故B正確。

【3】C 標(biāo)題概括題。作者在第一段中提到大樹的重要作用，接著介紹了世界上的大樹所面臨的艱難現(xiàn)狀，數(shù)量在不斷減少，分析了這一情況出現(xiàn)的原因。所以C項(xiàng)“Big trees in trouble”與文章中心思想是一致的。

【4】D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Besides, big trees face threats from elsewhere.可知大樹還面臨著來自其他地方的威脅，那么接下來就應(yīng)該討論這些威脅究竟是什么。故D正確。