Question

【題目】In China，cultural differences arose from growing rice or wheat．Different thinking styles between northern and southern Chinese people can trace(追溯)their roots to rice fields and wheat fields．

Rice farming promotes a holistic(整體的)focus on distinguishing relationships among people and objects，and valuing others as much as or more than oneself, say psychologist Thomas Talhelm of the University of Virginia and his colleagues．Holistic thinking among many modem Chinese people partly reflects regional histories of building communal irrigation systems(共有灌溉系統(tǒng))and cooperatively planting and harvesting rice fields over thousands of years．

They draw that conclusion based on studies of college students from regions with different agricultural practices．Students from southern and central China’s rice．growing provinces think holistically, even though they have probably never farmed rice，Talhelm’s group reports．In contrast，students from northern and central Chinese provinces that have specialized in wheat growing exhibit a preference for abstract analysis and self over others，the scientists find．Wheat is less labor-intensive(勞動(dòng)密集型)to grow than rice，SO farmers can plant and harvest crops without much help from neighbors．Analytical，individualistic thinking is not more common among students from richer

Provinces, contrary to the argument that this attitude springs from modernization. ”Rice theory might explain why East Asia is so much less individualistic than expected based on its wealth, ” Talhelm says.

Talhelm，s team tested 1,162 Chinese students，who Viewed lists of three items，such as a rabbit，a dog and a carrot. For each list，students chose two items that belonged together. Earlier research found that analytical thinkers often group items according to categories，so rabbits and dogs go together．Holistic thinkers tend to 1ook for relationships，such as rabbits eating carrots. Students from rice-growing areas made an average of around seven to nine holistic matches of 10 possible matches，compared with roughly f1ve to seven holistic matches for those from Wheat-growing areas.

Talhelm’s team also analyzed national statistics in China from 1 996，2000 and 2010 and found a higher divorce rate and a greater number of successful patents for new inventions in wheat-growing provinces than in rice-growing provinces. That trend is in line with the ides that analytical thinking develops both individualism and creativity.

【1】People who think holistically probably_____________.

A．come from wheat—growing areas

B．1ive in northern and central China

C．rely more on themselves

D．think of others before themselves

【2】Which of the following statements is true?

A．East Asia is poorer than the other areas of Asia.

B．Modernization contributes to analytic al thinking.

C. Analytical thinkers tend to pick out items by type.

D．Richer people show more individualistic thinking.

【3】The author develops the passage mainly by____________.

A．making comparisons

B. listing examples

C．telling his personal experience

D. presenting problem and solution

【4】What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Cultural differences in China

B．1isting examples

C．Chinese people tracing their roots

D. Farming influences thinking styles

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】

試題分析：在中國，文化差異是由種植大米和小麥引起的，而中國的南北差異，地區(qū)、城市、人們的生活習(xí)俗的差異的根源就是種植大米和小麥地域的不同。

【1】D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題，本文第二段Rice farming promotes a holistic(整體的)focus on distinguishing relationships among people and objects，and valuing others as much as or more than oneself, 稻作農(nóng)業(yè)促進(jìn)整體 （整體的） 重點(diǎn)是區(qū)分人與對(duì)象之間的關(guān)系和如何對(duì)待他人一樣或者比自己更多。故選D。

【2】C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題，從本文中第四段Rice theory might explain why East Asia is so much less individualistic than expected based on its wealth, ” 水稻理論可能解釋為什么東亞是在基于它的財(cái)富上比預(yù)期減少很多個(gè)人主義"可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)文中未提及；文章第三段Analytical，individualistic thinking is not more common among students from richer分析、 個(gè)人主義思想在富裕的學(xué)生身上不是很常見�？芍�選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤；文章第五段Earlier research found that analytical thinkers often group items according to categories，早期研究家發(fā)現(xiàn)分析思想者經(jīng)常根據(jù)分類來進(jìn)行集體項(xiàng)目�？芍�選C。

【3】A 推理判斷題，從文中第五段compared with roughly f1ve to seven holistic matches for those from Wheat-growing areas. 相比較七個(gè)整體匹配的那些從小麥產(chǎn)區(qū)，作者通過比較南北差異，實(shí)驗(yàn)不同的比較等來說明文化差異就是根源于種植大米和小麥的不同。整篇文章就是通過比較來敘述的。故選A。

【4】D 主旨大意題，本文第一段Different thinking styles between northern and southern Chinese people can trace(追溯)their roots to rice fields and wheat fields．在南北方人們不同的思考方式能夠追溯他們的根源到稻田和麥田；故選D。