Question

【題目】Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫學(xué)家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.

【1】 The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .

A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.

B. they believed disease could be spread in public baths

C. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in

D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease

【2】 Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?

A. Approving. B. Afraid.

C. Curious D. Uninterested.

【3】 How does the passage mainly develop?

A. By providing examples.

B. By making comparisons.

C. By following the order of time.

D. By following the order of importance.

【4】 What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A. To stress the role of dirt.

B. To introduce the history of dirt.

C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.

D. To present the change of views on dirt.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】B

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

試題分析:本文主要講述了在歷史的發(fā)展過程中，人們對于dirt的看法是在不停地發(fā)生著變化的。

【1】B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段2、3行as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.得知當時醫(yī)學(xué)認為在浴室里傳染疾病，所以才下令關(guān)閉浴室，故選B。

【2】B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.可知亨利四世很害怕疾病的傳播，所以才把這位貴族驅(qū)逐出去，選B。

【3】C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中in the early 16th century 和 did the king of England in 1546.判斷文章是按照時間的順序來組織全文的，故選C。

【4】D主旨大意題。從文章第一段內(nèi)容可知，本文是說明人們對于dirt的看法是在不停地變化之中的，由此判斷選D。