Question

【題目】 Just ask any new parent: Adding a baby to a household can also add stress to a career. Now，a new study backs that up with some astonishing numbers: After science，technology，engineering，and mathematics（STEM）professionals become parents，43%of women and 23% of men switch fields，transition（轉(zhuǎn)變）to part-time work，or leave the workforce entirely.

Many researchers and parents already knew that STEM can be unwelcoming to parents，particularly mothers. But“the considerable departure was astonishing，”says Erin Cech，an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and lead author of the study，published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. For both genders，“the proportions were higher than we expected. ”

The surprisingly high reduction rate for men also highlights that“parenthood in STEM is not just a mothers'issue；it's a worker issue，”Cech says. She hopes that the findings“might motivate changes，"such as more paid parental leave from both government and employers and policies that better support flexible work time without a tight routine. “We are not suggesting that people who want families should avoid STEM；that's not the solution，”she emphasizes.

By 2018，78% of new fathers were still working in STEM，the vast majority full time. For new mothers，68% were still in STEM，but only 57% worked full time. For professionals without children，on the other hand，84% of men and 76% of women were predicted to still be working in STEM full time in 2018. For the new parents across all fields，16% of women were working part-time and 15% had left the workforce，as compared with just 2% and 3%，respectively，for men. These sharp differences make clear that，even though the reduction rate for fathers is higher than expected，mothers still face particular career challenges.

【1】What makes many STEM employees change their jobs?

A. Worrying about their family.B. The attraction of part-time jobs.

C. Being tired of the former jobs.D. The heavy burden at home and work.

【2】Which statement may Erin Cech agree with?

A. Working at home may be a popular choice.

B. Increasing welfare may keep STEM parents.

C. People with families should leave STEM.

D. STEM professionals should obey the rules.

【3】How many new mothers among the labor force worked full time in 2018?

A. 69%.B. 76%

C. 57%.D. 31%.

【4】What does the author want to stress by listing the sharp differences?

A. Too many fathers leave STEM.B. It's hard for mothers to make a balance.

C. STEM jobs are no longer popular.D. It's impossible to have a successful career.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】A

【4】B

【解析】

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要內(nèi)容是以STEM為例，闡述了家庭和工作給女性們帶來(lái)的巨大壓力，女性（尤其是新媽媽?zhuān)┤�職比例與男性相較較低。

【1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的Just ask any new parent: Adding a baby to a household can also add stress to a career. 給家里添個(gè)孩子也會(huì)給職業(yè)生涯增加壓力。由此可推知，是家庭和工作的重?fù)?dān)讓STEM員工改變了他們的工作，故選D。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的She hopes that the findings “might motivate changes，"such as more paid parental leave from both government and employers and policies that better support flexible work time without a tight routine.Cech希望這些發(fā)現(xiàn)“可能”會(huì)激勵(lì)變化，比如來(lái)自于政府和雇主的更多帶薪產(chǎn)假等政策、更好地支持沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格常規(guī)要求的靈活的工作時(shí)間等政策。由此可以推知Erin Cech可能會(huì)同意“增加福利可以留住STEM”這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，故選B。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的For the new parents across all fields，16% of women were working part-time and 15% had left the workforce，as compared with just 2% and 3%，respectively，for men.在所有領(lǐng)域的新父母?jìng)?/span>，16%的女性是兼職工作，15%的人離職，由此可以推算出，在2018年全職工作的新母親所占比率為100%-（16%+15%）=69%，故選A。

【4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的These sharp differences make clear that，even though the reduction rate for fathers is higher than expected，mothers still face particular career challenges. 這些明顯的差異表明，即使父親的復(fù)位率高于預(yù)期，母親仍然面臨特定職業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn)。由此可知，作者想通過(guò)列舉這些明顯的差異來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)母親們很難做到平衡，故選B。