Question

【題目】

Classical Roman drama

Following the expansion of the Roman Republic into several Greek territories between 270-240 BC, Rome encountered Greek drama. From the later years of the republic and by means of the Roman Empire, theatre spread west across Europe and reached England; Roman theatre was more varied, extensive and sophisticated than that of any culture before it.

While Greek drama continued to be performed throughout the Roman period, the year 240 BC marks the beginning of regular Roman drama. From the beginning of the empire, however, interest in full-length drama declined in favor of a broader 【1】 of theatrical entertainments. The first important works of Roman literature were the tragedies and comedies that Livius Andronicus wrote from 240 BC. Five years later, Gnaeus Naevius also began to write drama. No plays from either writer have survived. Andronicus was most appreciated for his tragedies and Naevius for his comedies; their successors(繼任者) tended to be 【2】 at one or the other, which led to a(n) 【3】 of the subsequent development of each type of drama.

By the beginning of the 2nd century BC, drama was firmly 【4】 in Rome and an association of writers had been formed. The Roman comedies that have survived are all “fabula palliate” (comedies based on Greek subjects) and come from two dramatists: Plautus and Terence. In re-working the Greek 【5】, the Roman comic dramatists abolished the role of the chorus(合唱) in dividing the drama into episodes and 【6】 musical accompaniment to its dialogue. The action of all scenes is set in the street and its complications often follow from eavesdropping(偷聽).

Plautus, the more popular of the two, wrote between 205 and 184 BC and twenty of his comedies survive; people 【7】 him for the wisdom of his dialogue and his use of various poetic meters. All of the six comedies that Terence wrote between 166 and 160 BC have survived; the 【8】 of his plots, in which he often combined several Greek stories, was sometimes criticized, but his double-plots enabled a sophisticated presentation of contrasting human behavior. No early Roman tragedy survives, though it was highly 【9】 in its day; historians know of three early tragedians—Quintus Ennius, Marcus Pacuvius, and Lucius Accius.

From the time of the empire, the work of two tragedians survives—one is an unknown author, while the other is the philosopher Seneca. Nine of Seneca’s tragedies survive, all of which are tragedies from Greek stories. Historians do not know who wrote the only extant example of the fabula praetexta (tragedies based on Roman subjects), Octavia, but in former times it was mistakenly attributed to Seneca due to his appearance as a(n) 【10】 in the tragedy.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】AC

【2】A

【3】D

【4】AB

【5】CD

【6】B

【7】AD

【8】BC

【9】ABC

【10】C

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了羅馬經(jīng)典戲劇的發(fā)展過程及與希臘戲劇融合的過程。

【1】考查名詞。variety多樣化、變化。句意：人們對(duì)完整劇目及戲劇興趣下降，轉(zhuǎn)而支持更多種類的戲劇娛樂。文中第一段最后一句提到“…Roman theatre was more varied…”，在與希臘戲劇結(jié)合后，羅馬的劇院變得多種多樣，人們對(duì)于長(zhǎng)戲劇的興趣下降了，因?yàn)閼騽⌒问礁�多樣了。故選AC。

【2】考查名詞。expert：專家。句意：安德洛尼克斯因其悲劇而備受贊賞，納維烏斯則因他的喜劇作品而備受贊賞。他們的繼任者往往是某一方面的專家。第二段最后一句提到“…led to…”，他們引起了戲劇類型的分離。說明他們的繼任者在這一方面的能力非常突出，才能引領(lǐng)某一種趨勢(shì)。故選A。

【3】考查名詞。separation：分離、分開。句意：這引起了每一種類型的戲劇在隨后的發(fā)展中分離。文中第二段最后一句提到“….subsequent development of each type of drama”每一種戲劇的發(fā)展，說明羅馬戲劇不斷的發(fā)展和衍生，因此產(chǎn)生了分離。故選D。

【4】考查動(dòng)詞。established：成立。句意：戲劇在羅馬正式成立，并成立了作家協(xié)會(huì)。第三段第一句提到“…an association of writers had been formed.”成立了一個(gè)作家協(xié)會(huì)，只有戲劇成立起來了，才有可能成立一個(gè)作家協(xié)會(huì)。故選AB。

【5】考查名詞。originals：原著、原件。句意：在改造希臘原作的過程中…。第三段第二句提到“The Roman comedies that have survived are all “fabula palliate” (comedies based on Greek subjects)”羅馬喜劇存活下來的原因是基于希臘喜劇的內(nèi)容，說明了羅馬戲劇和希臘戲劇之間的融合，羅馬人也根據(jù)其情況修改了希臘戲劇，使其進(jìn)行本地化發(fā)展。故選CD。

【6】考查動(dòng)詞。introduced：介紹、引入。句意：羅馬喜劇作家除了廢除合唱團(tuán)，將戲劇劃分為情景角色外，還在對(duì)話中引入音樂伴奏。分析文章可知，在羅馬戲劇和希臘戲劇結(jié)合之前，是沒有音樂伴奏的，是在結(jié)合之后將其引入羅馬戲劇的，故選B。

【7】考查動(dòng)詞。admired：欽佩、贊賞。句意：人們欽佩他智慧的對(duì)話，以及他使用的各種詩歌的韻律。第四段提到“…the more popular…”Plautus是兩者中更受歡迎的一位，并在后文解釋了他受歡迎的原因，因此可使用admire表達(dá)人們對(duì)他的贊賞和欽佩。故選AD。

【8】考查名詞。complexity：復(fù)雜性。句意：他經(jīng)常將幾個(gè)希臘故事組合在一起的復(fù)雜情節(jié)有時(shí)受到批評(píng)。第四段第二句提到“in which he often combined several Greek stories”在Terence的故事里，他集合了幾個(gè)希臘的故事，不同的故事混合在一起可見其復(fù)雜性。故選BC。

【9】考查動(dòng)詞。regarded：把……看作，考慮。句意：盡管它在那個(gè)時(shí)代受到高度評(píng)價(jià)。第四段最后一句提到“historians know of three early tragedians—Quintus Ennius, Marcus Pacuvius, and Lucius Accius.”歷史學(xué)家還是記得這三位早期的悲劇詩人，這三位詩人都來自羅馬。但句子開頭提到“No early Roman tragedy survives”羅馬早期的悲劇都沒有存活下來，但仍有三位著名的詩人，說明羅馬悲劇在當(dāng)時(shí)還是受到過高度評(píng)價(jià)的，故選ABC。

【10】考查名詞。character：角色。句意：但在過去，由于塞涅卡在悲劇中作為一個(gè)角色的出現(xiàn)，這被錯(cuò)誤地歸因于塞涅卡。戲劇中會(huì)有不同的角色出現(xiàn)，故選C。