Question

【題目】We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively（被動地）. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.

We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.

Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor(謠言).

Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.

That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping（打上標記）it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.

This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.

【1】According to the passage, passive learning may occur in _______.

A. doing a medical experiment

B. solving a math problem

C. visiting an exhibition

D. doing scientific reasoning

【2】The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.

A. active learning B. knowledge

C. communication D. passive learning

【3】What can we infer from the passage?

A. Active learning is less important.

B. Passive learning may not be reliable.

C. Active learning occurs more frequently.

D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】B

【解析】

試題分析：作者在本文中介紹了被動學習passive learning，這種學習方法很普遍，但是有很多缺點，并不值得信賴。

【1】C 推理題。根據(jù)第二段1、2句We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive.可知被動學習經(jīng)常發(fā)生在學習者被告知學習內(nèi)容，學習者自己沒有主動的創(chuàng)造機會學習。故選項中C項：觀看展覽。就屬于被動學習。故C正確。

【2】D 猜測詞義題。根據(jù)本句Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.盡管我們習慣于被動學習，在日常和朋友及同事的交流中我們依賴被動學習也就是很正常的事情了。故D正確。

【3】B 推理題。根據(jù)文章4、5段敘述可知，被動學習中所傳遞的信息在很多情況下都會出現(xiàn)錯誤及誤差。入第四段的實驗中最后的信息和最初的一定會有很大的不同。說明被動學習有時候是不值得信賴的。故B正確。