Question

【題目】 The early lack of exposure to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) can be harmful to achieving gender balance in these fields. It begins when we are young and continues throughout our time in high school.

While at home, girls generally don’t get to experience the level of exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that boys do. It is often subtle, but it’s the first obstacle that faces and confuses so many women. Boys, on the other hand, get on their path, and are encouraged to do so, generally earlier than girls. For example, boys are more often given science sets as toys, which spark an interest in these subjects.

In school, boys are often pushed in school to take the more challenging math and science classes. So if we want to attract the best and brightest minds into the fields that will advance us as a people, a country, and a planet, we can no longer look to only half of the population. Young girls cannot possibly consider opportunities they do not know exist. If girls are not exposed to certain subject and career paths, they are highly unlikely to elect to follow them in college.

Our bias(偏見) toward girl, either from families or from schools is so rooted in our culture that we often don’t even recognize it. While the situation has changed greatly in the past 20 or 30 years, there is still a sense that girls aren’t as good at math, for instance, even though there is almost no evidence to support such a belief.

It is important that as a society we deal with gender stereotypes long before young people are faced with a decision to declare or choose a major in college. Without making efforts to break them, we are limiting the potentials of our youth, both male and female. Providing the necessary resources, exposure, and encouragement would help young women understand that their gender shouldn’t determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.

【1】According to the passage, not many girls grow to enter STEM fields because ________.

A.girls are not as good at STEM as boys

B.girls do not like to take science classes

C.girls get fewer chances to know about STEM

D.girls seldom survive the high pressure positions

【2】The underlined word “it” in Para.4 refers to ________.

A.this biasB.our culture

C.the situationD.a sense

【3】The main purpose of the passage is to ________.

A.show girls’ potentials in STEM fields

B.praise women’s contributions to STEM fields

C.describe the present gender bias in STEM fields

D.call for more involvement of women in STEM fields

【4】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

CP：Central Point P：Point Sp：Sub-point C： Conclusion

A.B.

C.D.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】D

【4】D

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了沒有很多女性進入STEM領(lǐng)域工作，是因為她們沒有什么機會接觸這方面的知識。是由于我們的文化導(dǎo)致對女性的偏見，呼吁多一些女性參與STEM領(lǐng)域的工作。

【1】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中While at home, girls generally don’t get to experience the level of exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that their male counterparts do.(而在家里，女孩們通常不會像她們的男同學(xué)那樣在STEM領(lǐng)域受到那么多的關(guān)注和鼓勵。)可知，沒有很多女性進入STEM領(lǐng)域工作，是因為她們沒有什么機會接觸這方面的知識。故選C。

【2】代詞指代題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Our bias(偏見) toward girl, either from families or from schools is so rooted in our culture that we often don’t even recognize it.(我們對女孩的偏見，無論是來自家庭還是來自學(xué)校，都深深植根于我們的文化中，以至于我們常常都沒有意識到這一點。)可知，此處用代詞it指代Our bias。故選A。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段句子中Providing the necessary resources, exposure, and encouragement would help young women understand that their gender shouldn’t determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.(提供必要的資源、接觸機會和鼓勵可以幫助年輕女性認識到，她們的性別不應(yīng)該決定她們選擇的職業(yè)道路，追求STEM職業(yè)并不會讓她們變得不那么女性化。)可知，文章呼吁在STEM領(lǐng)域多一些女性。故選D。

【4】文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段提出話題：現(xiàn)在女性在STEM領(lǐng)域的很少是因為早年沒有接觸到這方面的知識。第二段講的是在家里的情況；第三段是在學(xué)校的情況；第四段把上兩段總結(jié)起來說；第五段是文章的總結(jié)。故選D。

代詞指代題要求根據(jù)語境的邏輯關(guān)系、判斷畫線的人稱代詞或指示代詞在文章中指代的對象，包括考查it（指動物，無生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them(指代人、物、事件的復(fù)數(shù)名詞)，he/she等人稱代詞的指代意義，以及指示代詞this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意義。本題第2小題，根據(jù)第四段第一句Our bias(偏見) toward girl, either from families or from schools is so rooted in our culture that we often don’t even recognize it.“我們對女孩的偏見，無論是來自家庭還是來自學(xué)校，都深深植根于我們的文化中，以至于我們常常都沒有意識到這一點。”此處用代詞it指代Our bias。故選A。