Question

【題目】 Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. In 1914, Goldberger was asked by US Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra (糙皮病)．

Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra. He studied the victims and their families. Most of the people lived a hard life. The doctor came to believe that the disease didn’t pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not.

But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldberger’s idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern pride.

So Goldberger had himself injected (注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldberger’s wife. None of them got sick.

Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929. He was fiftyfive years old. Several years later, researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra: a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin.

【1】Who were likely to get pellagra according to Goldberger?

A.People in the south of America.

B.People having a poor diet.

C.People in prison.

D.People touching pellagra patients.

【2】What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4?

A.Pellagra wasn’t so terrible.

B.Pellagra could be cured.

C.Pellagra didn’t spread.

D.Pellagra wasn’t a medical problem.

【3】Why did some medical researchers refuse to accept Goldberger’s idea?

A.Goldberger’s idea sounds ridiculous.

B.They have done their own research.

C.The result hurt their pride.

D.Goldberger didn’t do enough research.

【4】Which words can be used to describe Goldberger?

A.Selfless and friendly.B.Devoted and determined.

C.Patient and expert.D.Stubborn and enthusiastic.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】C

【4】B

【解析】

這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了美國醫(yī)生Joseph Goldberger研究糙皮病的患病原因的過程。Joseph Goldberger醫(yī)生的認(rèn)真、犧牲精神令人感動。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“The doctor came to believe that the disease didn’t pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not.”（ 醫(yī)生開始相信這種疾病并沒有從一個傳給另一個，而是與食物有關(guān)。他得到了州長的許可，在一所監(jiān)獄里測試這個想法。如果囚犯參加，他們將獲得赦免。一組囚犯得到了他們通常吃的食物，大部分是玉米制品。第二組吃肉類、新鮮蔬菜和牛奶。第一組成員患上了糙皮病。第二組沒有。）由Joseph Goldberger醫(yī)生的實驗可知，不良的飲食容易導(dǎo)致人們患上糙皮病。結(jié)合選項，故選B。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“The doctor came to believe that the disease didn’t pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food”， Joseph Goldberger醫(yī)生認(rèn)為糙皮病不會傳染。以及第四段中“So Goldberger had himself injected (注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldberger’s wife. None of them got sick”（ 所以戈德伯格給自己注射了一個患有糙皮病的人的血。他還從一個糙皮病患者的鼻子和喉嚨里取出液體，放進(jìn)自己的鼻子和喉嚨里。他甚至吞下了含有糙皮病患者皮膚的藥片。一名助手也參加了實驗。戈德伯格的妻子也是。他們都沒有生病。）由此可以推知，Joseph Goldberger醫(yī)生進(jìn)行實驗的目的是為了證明糙皮病不會傳染。結(jié)合選項，故選C。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldberger’s idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern pride”（ 但一些醫(yī)學(xué)研究人員拒絕接受戈德伯格的想法。對南方來說，糙皮病不僅僅是一個醫(yī)學(xué)問題。還有其他事情，包括南方的驕傲。）由此可知，一些醫(yī)學(xué)研究人員拒絕接受戈德伯格的觀點的原因是結(jié)果可能會傷害他們的自尊心。結(jié)合選項，故選C。

【4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“So Goldberger had himself injected (注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldberger’s wife. None of them got sick”（ 所以戈德伯格給自己注射了一個患有糙皮病的人的血。他還從一個糙皮病患者的鼻子和喉嚨里取出液體，放進(jìn)自己的鼻子和喉嚨里。他甚至吞下了含有糙皮病患者皮膚的藥片。一名助手也參加了實驗。戈德伯格的妻子也是。他們都沒有生病。）可知，Joseph Goldberger醫(yī)生全心全意地投入到對糙皮病的研究中，不惜在自己身上做實驗，故他是有奉獻(xiàn)精神的；根據(jù)第三段中可知，盡管有一些人不認(rèn)可他的觀點，但他仍然堅持自己的看法并堅決證明自己的觀點是正確的，這體現(xiàn)出他意志堅定。結(jié)合選項，故選B。