Question

【題目】Researchers found that walking around with a forced smile and fake happiness simply leads to people feeling unhappier. So, putting a brave face on your sadness could be harmful. The research also found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy.

Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can result in bad outcomes. He said, “Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional tiredness, and that’s bad for the organization.” He also said the research showed customer-service workers who had “fake smiles” throughout the day didn’t want to work, so their productivity dropped.

The study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional expressions over a period of time and compare the different effects on men and women. Dr. Scott’s team examined the effects of “surface acting”, or fake smiling, compared to “deep acting”, or making people smile by thinking of pleasant memories.

Dr. Scott said, “Women were harmed more by surface acting, meaning their moods worsened even more than men’s. However, they were helped more by deep acting, which means their moods improved more by thinking of pleasant memories.”

According to Dr. Scott women tend to suffer more when pretending to be happy because they are expected to be more emotionally expressive than men. Therefore, forcing a smile while feeling down is more likely to go against their normal behavior and cause more harmful feelings.

Although deep acting can improve moods a little in the short term, Dr. Scott says it’s not a long-term solution to feeling unhappy. There have been some suggestions that if you do this over a long period you start to feel unreal. You’re trying to develop positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself any more.

【1】Dr. Scott’s findings may be important to some employers because .

A. their workers don’t want to work all the time

B. they want more female workers than male workers

C. their workers worsen their moods at the end of the day

D. they tend to force their workers to smile in public

【2】According to the passage, Dr. Scott’s study .

A. is meaningful as there haven’t been many similar ones before

B. aimed to make people more productive

C. examined more women than men

D. is supported by some big employers

【3】It is implied in the passage that deep acting .

A. cannot improve our moods at all B. does harm to our feelings in the long run

C. makes people happy by feeling like another person D. has no effect on men

【4】What is the best title for the passage?

A. An important suggestion for workers. B. Women shouldn’t be forced to smile.

C. Fake smiling makes people unhappy. D. Why people don’t want to work.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】B

【4】C

【解析】

本文為議論文。文章講述的是一項(xiàng)研究表明，不是真心的笑會(huì)影響工人的工作效率，讓人遭受痛苦，不快樂，長時(shí)間會(huì)傷害人的情感。

【1】推理判斷題，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can result in bad outcomes.可知因?yàn)閺?qiáng)迫員工在與公眾打交道時(shí)微笑可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致糟糕的結(jié)果。分析選項(xiàng)可知D正確。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“The study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional expressions over a period of time and compare the different effects on men and women.”在同類研究中，該研究首度觀察了人們?cè)谝欢螘r(shí)間內(nèi)的情緒表達(dá)，并且比較了這種情緒表達(dá)對(duì)男性和女性的不同影響。由這句話中的“one of the first of its kind”可知這類研究才在起始階段，因此，Dr. Scott’s的研究很有意義。故A正確。文中說整天假笑會(huì)讓生產(chǎn)力下降，但只是說老板讓員工在應(yīng)對(duì)客戶時(shí)強(qiáng)顏歡笑結(jié)果會(huì)適得其反。這只是文中為論點(diǎn)提供的論據(jù)之一，并非該研究的目的，B錯(cuò)誤的文中未提到由誰贊助，因此，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。該研究對(duì)男性女性都進(jìn)行了觀察，但并未說觀察女性多于男性，因此，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。綜合所述可知A項(xiàng)正確。

【3】推理判斷題，根據(jù)題干中的“deep acting”到文中去尋找信息源。第三段對(duì)“deep acting”進(jìn)行了解釋，深層偽裝是指通過回想快樂的記憶來培養(yǎng)正面的情緒。最后一段再次提到“deep acting” Although deep acting can improve moods a little in the short term, Dr. Scott says, it’s not a long-term solution to feeling unhappy. 盡管深層偽裝能在短期內(nèi)改善你的心情，但是它并不是應(yīng)對(duì)心情低落的長期辦法。if you do this over a long period you start to feel unreal. 如果你長期盡力去培養(yǎng)一種積極情緒，你可能會(huì)有一種不真實(shí)的感覺。你可能不像你自己了。由此可判斷出deep acting短期是好的，但是從長期角度看還是有害的。分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。

【4】主旨大意題。分析選項(xiàng)A. An important suggestion for workers.給工人的建議。B. Women shouldn’t be forced to smile女性不應(yīng)該被迫微笑。C. Fake smiling makes people unhappy. 假微笑使人不快樂。D. Why people don’t want to work. 為什么人們不想工作。分析文章第一段可知A項(xiàng)不是文章的主題；B項(xiàng)是基中的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)；第二段最后一句，可知整天假裝微笑讓人不想工作，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。通讀全文可知，勉強(qiáng)微笑和虛假的快樂會(huì)讓人遭受痛苦，讓人們不快樂，故C項(xiàng)符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。

主旨大意型題。每篇文章都會(huì)有一個(gè)主旨要義。主旨要義型題范圍一般包括：短文標(biāo)題、主題大意或段落大意等。此題型要求考生在理解文章后歸納文章要點(diǎn)，概括中心思想。文章標(biāo)題可以是單詞，短語，也可以是句子，它的特點(diǎn)是：短小精悍，多為一短語；涵蓋性強(qiáng)，一般要求能覆蓋全文，其確定的范圍要恰當(dāng)，既不能太大，也不能太�。痪�確性強(qiáng)，不能隨意改變語言表意的程度及色彩。第4小題是標(biāo)題類，根據(jù)全文的內(nèi)容可知，C項(xiàng)最符合題意，故選C項(xiàng)。