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How Technology Can Help Language Learning

Intelligence, according to Howard Gardner, is of eight types—verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. This is the first in a series of posts that explore and understand how each of the above forms of intelligence is affected by technology-mediated education.

Verbal-linguistic Intelligence involves sensitivity to spoken and written language, the ability to learn languages, and the capacity to use language to accomplish goals. Such intelligence is developed by three specific activities: reading, writing and interpersonal communication—both written and oral. The traditional tools that have been used to efficiently develop verbal/linguistic intelligence—textbook, pencil, and paper—are giving way to technology in many schools. E-books, Internet lesson plans, online assignments and word processing software, or a subset of the above, are now common in schools. Technology allows addition of multisensory (多種感覺的) elements that provide meaningful contexts to help comprehension, thus expanding the learning ground of language and linguistics.

Research into the effect of technology on the development of the language and literacy skills vis-à-vis reading activities of children has offered evidence for favorable effects of digital-form books. A study shows that digital reading materials have become common in developing countries in early childhood classrooms to support engagement in storybooks while enhancing the emergent literacy (早期讀寫能力) among children. E-books are also being increasingly used to teach reading among beginners and children with reading difficulties.

Technology can be used to improve reading ability in many ways. It can enhance (加強) and sustain the interest levels for children by allowing immediate feedback on performance and providing added practice when necessary. Recent research shows that students are able to improve their sight word vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension through computer-based reading.

Technology can also help in improvement of writing skills. Word processing software promotes not only composition but also editing and revising in ways that streamline the task of writing. Desktop publishing and web-based publishing allow the work to be taken beyond the classroom into a virtual world that allows more constructive interactions.

Technology enhanced oral communication is indeed useful in that it allows students from remote locations, or from all over the world to communicate orally through video and audio conferencing tools. For example, students of languages in Australian universities overcome the problem of insufficient contact with native language speakers by using online audio and video tools that allow the development of aural, vocal and visual-cognition skills that are important in verbal and linguistic education. Oral group discussions in the form of video conferencing can help non-native speakers of a language with natural language negotiation and cultural intonations in ways that have not been possible due to geographic isolation.

Computer definitely aided language learning and computer mediated communication enhance teaching and learning experiences in the areas of linguistics and language intelligence. Although there have not been comprehensive studies on the use of technologies to aid K-12 English-language learners, there have been many individual computer programs and other technologies that accelerate the acquisition of phonics, vocabulary, fluency, and reading-comprehension skills and other language building blocks.

Title: How Technology Can Help Language Learning

Paragraph outline	Detailed information
Brief introduction to Verbal-linguistic Intelligence	●Howard Gardner thinks that intelligence is of eight types, 1.________ from verbal-linguistic to naturalistic intelligence. ●Verbal-linguistic Intelligence, 2.________ of three aspects, is developed by three specific activities. ●Technology is 3._______ traditional tools used to develop verbal/linguistic intelligence efficiently. ●The learning ground of language and linguistics has been 4._______ by adding multisensory elements to language learning.
Effects on language and literacy skills	Digital reading materials have been used to help children in developing countries get 5.________ in storybooks, enhancing the emergent literacy among them.
Effects on reading ability	Technology can enhance and sustain children’s interest levels by providing immediate feedback and extra practice.
Effects on writing skills	Technology allows our work to be taken in a virtual world with more constructive6.________.
Effects on oral communication	Technology allows students to communicate orally through video and audio conferencing tools7.________ geographic isolation.
Conclusion	●There is no8.________ that technology enhances teaching and learning experiences concerning linguistics and language intelligence. ●Although there is a 9._______ of comprehensive studies on the use of technologies to aid K-12 English-language learners, there have been other technologies that10.________ the acquisition of language building blocks.

Answer 1