Common public speaking problems

The use of "I feel", "I think" and "maybe"

In the question-and-answer session of the speaking competition, many contestants began their answers with uncertain expressions like "I feel", "I guess", "I hear", "maybe" and "perhaps".

These words show that the person is only speaking from his or her point of view.1.

Work on keeping your answers brief and to the point, 2.. Instead of the empty-sounding "I guess", using facts, together with a clear conclusion based on those facts, is far more likely to be popular with an audience.

Using only one speaking style

Don't stick to the same tone.3.

For example, when they spoke about their dreams, some sounded romantic. Others used humor. Very few used several different styles together. Try mixing more than one style, rather than just sticking with the same one.

Irresponsible answers

Public speaking is different from personal conversations. You're responsible for your words. 4.So you should think twice before you talk. Don't be like the student who, when asked about his opinion on book piracy（盜版）, started by saying he supported it.

Talking around the topic rather than directly answering it

You should focus on one point and give a clear solution. The key is to work out what question is being asked. Is it asking you to discuss a certain topic or to present your own point of view?

Use one or two arguments together and give a strong conclusion.5.

A. It can be boring. Try to mix it up.

B. Even though you want to answer quickly, you don't want to sound foolish.

C. Also work on delivering them with calmness and confidence.

D. Deliberate gestures and affected（做作的）expressions of feelings are improper in a successful speech.

E. Remember that judges are not judging you on whether they agree, but on your ability to say what you think clearly.

F. This lacks the support of facts and seems not to be reliable for the judges and audience.

G. Confidence is extremely important in public speaking as it lets a speaker sound more convincing.

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More cycling, better public transport and car bans… Places all over the world are taking a range of measures to lower traffic pollution.

Paris

Paris bans cars in many historic central districts on weekends, places odd-even(單雙日制的) bans on vehicles, makes public transport free during major pollution events and encourages car-sharing programs. A long section of the right bank of the river. Seine is now car-free and a monthly ban on cars has come into force along the Champs-Elysees.

The Netherlands

Politicians want to ban the sale of all petrol cars from 2025, allowing only electric of hydrogen vehicles. The new law will allow anyone who already owns a petrol car to continue using it. Most cities encourage bicycle use.

Freiburg

Freiburg in Germany has 500km of bike routes and a cheap and efficient public transport system. One town, Vauban, forbids people to park near homes and makes car-owners pay 18,000 for a space on the edge of town. In return for living without a car, people are offered cheaper housing, free public transport, and plentiful bicycle spaces.

Curitiba

The southern Brazilian city of two million people has one of the biggest and lowest-cost bus systems in the world. Nearly 70% of its people go to work by public transport and the result is pollution-free air and traffic-free streets.

Copenhagen

Copenhagen prioritizes(優(yōu)先考慮) bikes over cars and now has more cycles than people. The city calculates that one mile on a bike is worth $0.42 to society, while one mile in a car is a $0.2 loss. Large parts of the Danish capital have been closed to vehicles for decades.

1.What will happen in Paris during major pollution events?

A. Historic central districts won’t allow cars in.

B. People can take public transport free of charge.

C. Car-sharing programs will raise money publicly.

D. People must obey the old-even traffic restrictions.

2.From 2025, the Netherlands will ________.

A. put 500km of bike routes into full use

B. completely forbid the use of petrol cars

C. only allow the sale of electric or hydrogen vehicles

D. own the biggest and lowest-cost bus system in the world

3.What does Vauban forbid its people to do?

A. Park their cars around their homes. B. Sell or buy parking spaces.

C. Occupy bicycle spaces. D. Go to work by car.

4.Which of the following cities attach great importance to cycling?

A. Park and Curitiba. B. Paris and Freiburg.

C. Curitiba and Copenhagen. D. Freiburg and Copenhagen.

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Smartphone stress: Are you a victim of ‘a(chǎn)lways on’ culture?

You are on holiday but secretly check your work emails the moment you wake up. You get anxious if there’s no Wi-Fi in the hotel or mobile phone signal up the mountain. 1. And you secretly worry things will go wrong at work if you're not there. There are the typical signs of “always on” stress induced by smart phone addiction.

Work-life balance

Pittsburgh-based developer Kevin Holesh was so worried about how much he was ignoring his family and friends and he developed an app-Moment-to monitor his usage. The app enables users to see how much time they're spending on the device and set up warnings if self-controlled usage limits are offended. 2.“Some time on your phone, some time off it, enjoying your loving family and friends around you.” And some employers are acknowledging that getting the work-life balance right isn't so easy. We need help.

“Always stressed”

3.You are not giving your body time to recover, so you're always stressed. And the more tired and stressed we get, the more mistakes we make. 4. The fact that we can stay connected to the workplace wherever we are in the world is feeding deep-rooted insecurities.

Slowdown in decision

We know consume media for more hours than we sleep. 5. It actually makes it more difficult to make decisions and many are becoming less productive because they're overwhelmed by it all and feel they can never escape the office.

A. Moment’s goal is to promote balance in your life.

B. You get excited if you receive a text message or an e-mail from a friend.

C. This is leading to a sort of slowdown in decision and it is creating more stress in the workplace.

D. The negative impacts of this ‘a(chǎn)lways on’ culture are that your mind is never resting.

E. Physical and mental health can suffer.

F. Mobile phone companies argue that mobile connectivity is beneficial.

G. You are nervous if your phone is getting low on power.

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寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)：

1.身體健康的重要性；

2.運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)大家的好處：

3.你的建議。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右。

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

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Pappadavada, a popular restaurant in Kochi, India, is urging customers and the community to put their leftover food in a fridge located outside of the restaurant for the hungry to take.

People who are in need of a meal are encouraged to take from the fridge at any time, for any reason. Minu Pauline, who runs Pappadavada, has nicknamed the fridge, which was placed there on March 23 and is shaded by a neighboring tree, "tree of goodness".

The fridge is open 24 hours a day, seven days a week and stays unlocked. Pauline asks that people write the date they left the food, so those who take know how long it's been there. But most food doesn't stay in the fridge for long. In spite of a huge response from the community and plenty of donations, the fridge needs to be brought more in to replace in time. Pauling herself adds around 75% to 80% of food from Pappadavada a day in the fridge.

The idea to put a fridge on the street came to Pauline late on night when she saw a lady searching in a dustbin for food. She was especially saddened because that particular night, her restaurant had made a ton of food that they could have easily given the woman, instead of her searching for it. She felt like she contributed to waste, and avoiding waste is what Pauline pays her attention to.

"The only thing I want to say no is that people are actually buying food and putting it in the fridge. But I'd rather people put their food they bought but aren't going to eat in the fridge instead of the dustbin," she said.

1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. A tree planted on March 23.

B. The fridge outside for the hungry to take from.

C. The popular restaurant in Kochi, India.

D. A neighboring tree near Pappadavada.

2.What does the manager of the restaurant advise in the last paragraph?

A. People shouldn't throw foods into dustbin.

B. Everyone should always avoid waste.

C. People shouldn't buy food for that.

D. Everyone should help those in need.

3.What is special about Minu Pauline?

A. She runs her restaurant in a different way.

B. She saves food and helps others in a wise way.

C. She sets a higher standard to deal with waste.

D. She makes the community more friendly to each other.

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As a boy, Sanders was much influenced(影響) by books about the sea, but by the age of fifteen he had decided to become a doctor rather than a sailor. His father was a doctor. So he was often with the doctors and got along very well with them. When he was fourteen, he was already hanging around the hospital where he was supposed to be helping to clean the medicine bottles, but was actually trying to listen to the doctors’ conversations with patients in the next room.

During the war Sanders served in the army as a surgeon(外科醫(yī)生). “That was the happiest time of my life. I was dealing with real sufferers and on the whole making a success of my job.” In Rhodes he taught the country people simple facts about medicine. He saw himself as a life-saver. He had proved his skill to himself and had a firm belief that he could serve those who lived simply, and were dependent upon him. Thus, while in a position to tell them what to do he could feel he was serving them.

After the war, he married and set up a practice deep in the English countryside, working under an old doctor who hated the sight of blood. This gave the younger man plenty of opportunity(機(jī)會(huì)) to go on working as a life-saver.

1.When he was a small boy, books about the sea had made Sanders want to be ___.

A. a surgeon B. an army man

C. a sailor D. a life-saver

2.At the age of 14, Sanders ___.

A. worked as a doctor by cleaning the medicine bottles

B. met some doctors who were very friendly to him

C. was interested in talking with patients

D. remained together with the doctors

3.His experience in the Army proved that ___.

A. he was good at medical operations on the wounded

B. he succeeded in teaching people how to save their lives themselves

C. a doctor was the happiest man

D. his wish of being a life-saver could hardly come true

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市2016-2017學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試卷 題型：任務(wù)型閱讀

Sometimes we can get so caught up in the stress and worry of our personal lives that our minds become too confused to operate effectively.This is especially dangerous in a test-taking situation.After hours of reading and studying,our brains can lock up in a state of overload.

In a stressful situation it's often a must to clear your mind completely to allow your brain to refresh itself and recalibrate all of its functions.But when you're tense,clearing your mind isn't so easy!Try this relaxation technique if you think your brain has seized up from information overload.

1.Set aside at least five minutes for quiet "clearing" time.If you're at school,see if you can put your head down somewhere or find an empty room or quiet space.If necessary,set a watch (or phone) alarm or ask a friend to tap you on the shoulder at a designated time.

2.Think of a time or place that puts you into a complete state of peace.This place will vary from person to person.Have you ever sat on the beach watching the waves come in and realized you've "zoned out" fora while?This is the sort of experience you're looking for.Other experiences that make us zone out could be: Sitting in the dark and staring at Christmas tree lights—remember how peaceful that feels?

3.Cover your eyes and go to your "place".If you are at school preparing for a test before class,you may simply rest your elbows on the desk and put your hands over your eyes.For some people,it may not be a good idea to put your head down.(You might fall asleep!)

Don't let any thoughts creep into your head.As soon as you start to think about a test problem,clear away the thought and concentrate on your peaceful place.

4.Snap out of it!Remember,this is not nap time.The point here is to refresh your brain.After five or ten minutes of clearing time,take a brisk walk or take a drink of water to re-energize your mind and body.Stay relaxed and resist the urge to think about the things that are stressing you out or clogging your brain.Don't let your brain go back to freeze-out.

Now go on with your test or study session refreshed and ready!

Title: How to clear your mind to stay relaxed?

Present situation

●We are stuck in stress and worried about our personal lives,stopping our brains working1..

●If you feel stressed,it's often2.to clear your mind to leave your brain refreshed.

3.to clearing your mind

1.Set aside at least five minutes for quiet "clearing" time.

●When at school,see if you can put your head down somewhere or stay in a quiet space.

●If necessary,set a watch (or phone) alarm or ask a friend to tap you on the shoulder at a designated time.

2.Think of a time or place allowing you to feel completely4..

●This place will vary from person to person.

3.5.your eyes and go to your "place".

●When making6.for a test at school,you could cover your eyes with your hands to have a rest.

●If you put your head down,you will fall7..

●Make sure not to be8.by any thoughts and concentrate on your place.

4.Snap out of it!

●Clearing time does not9.nap time.

●Stay relaxed and avoid the things that made you stressed out.

Conclusion

It's time you10.your test or study session refreshed and ready!

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