Research suggests that a newly-identified gene known as insomniacs(失眠癥患者) may play a role in keeping us asleep. By cloning and testing this gene in about 21,000 fruit flies, Rockefeller University researchers say they have discovered an entirely new mechanism (機(jī)制) by which sleep is controlled.
By studying these flies, the researchers discovered that mutations(變異) in the insomniac gene were associated with a great reduction in sleep. While a typical fruit fly slept for an average of 927 minutes a day, the mutant flies slept for just 317. They also slept for shorter periods of time, and slept and woke more frequently.
“The results showed a great loss of both the time that the flies’ sleep lasted and their ability to remain asleep after they slept,” says researcher Nicholas Stavropoulos.
The researchers also examined the link between sleep and lifespan, finding that flies with mutations to the insomniac gene lived only about two-thirds as long as unchanged flies. But when the scientists removed insomniac only in neurons（神經(jīng)細(xì)胞）---allowing it to remain in the rest of the flies’ bodies---this difference disappeared; the resulting animals slept poorly but lived just as long.
“This suggests that reduced sleep can be ‘uncoupled’(分開(kāi)) from reduced lifespan, supporting the idea that some interruptions of sleep do not affect overall health, at least as far as lifespan is concerned,” Stavropoulos says.
Although flies and humans would appear to have little in common when it comes to lifestyle, scientists say that the mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness are likely to be quite similar.
“Sleep is a fundamental behavior in all animals, and it is poorly understood from a scientific standpoint, says Stavropoulos. This work could prove useful in understanding and treating sleep disorders”
小題1:The text is mainly about____.
A．the progress in cloning fruit flies
B．the methods of cloning fruit flies
C．the link between gene and lifespan
D．the influence of a gene on the ability to sleep
小題2:According to paragraph2, the mutant flies________.
A．slept about 5 hours a day
B．had problems waking up
C．didn’t seem sleepy at all
D．could not fall asleep
小題3:We can conclude from the text that________.
A．sleep and health go hand in hand
B．sleep can be controlled by humans
C．research into sleep is very fruitful
D．the findings are useful in medical treatment

小題1:D
小題2:A
小題3:D

試題分析：本文敘述了通過(guò)對(duì)果蠅的科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)基因影響睡眠的能力，而一般情況下果蠅睡眠平均每天927分鐘,變異果蠅睡了只有317分鐘，他們睡眠的時(shí)間更短了,睡著了,醒來(lái)時(shí)卻更頻繁。蒼蠅和人類(lèi)在生活方式上似乎沒(méi)有什么共同點(diǎn),但是睡眠和清醒的情況也可能非常相似。這個(gè)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)可能對(duì)于治療睡眠障礙有一定的幫助。
小題1:主旨大意題。根據(jù)By studying these flies, the researchers discovered that mutations(變異) in the insomniac gene were associated with a great reduction in sleep.可知基因影響睡眠的能力，故選D。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)the mutant flies slept for just 317，變異果蠅一天睡眠的時(shí)間大約5個(gè)小時(shí)，故選A。
小題3:推理判斷題。根據(jù)This work could prove useful in understanding and treating sleep disorders，故選D。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：主旨大意題的難度較大，此類(lèi)題目一般不易直接找到答案，最簡(jiǎn)單的方法是仔細(xì)研究文章開(kāi)頭的一二句，因?yàn)樗麄兂Ｊ俏恼碌闹黝}句，然后，快速瀏覽文章首句和結(jié)尾句。如果第一句的主題不明，可注意結(jié)尾是否有概括總結(jié)，對(duì)選項(xiàng)要注意全面性和概括性。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There have been big changes in the attitudes of most parents over the last few years. Physical punishment is banned in schools in most countries, and in many countries, there are moves to ban all physical punishment of children even at home. However, many parents still believe that they have the right to use some physical punishments to deal with certain misbehavior at certain ages.
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小題1:According to the first paragraph, many parents think that ____________.
A．they are free to use physical punishment on their children
B．most of the children behave badly in their daily life
C．they have changed their attitudes towards their children
D．physical punishment is effective to educate their children
小題2:Many parents won’t give up physical punishment because _____________.
A．they are disappointed with their children
B．they were brought up just in the same way
C．they don’t want to hurt their children badly
D．they don’t know what to do with their children
小題3:The author gives the example of using seat belts in order to show ____________.
A．most people are used to wearing seat belts
B．it’s not difficult to change some negative habits
C．seat belts are really very necessary and useful
D．people won’t change their old habits unless forced
小題4:The main purpose of the author in writing this passage is to ____________.
A．talk about a ban on using physical punishment
B．tell us we should educate our children in other ways
C．a(chǎn)dvise parents to give up using physical punishment
D．suggest physical punishment should be used at home

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

B
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Having been approved for three years and beginning in the fall, students in the Maccray school district in Minnesota will be in school from Tuesday to Friday. Each school day will be 65 minutes longer. Officials say the district expects to save about sixty-five thousand dollars a year in transportation costs.
In new Mexico, the first school district changed to a four-day week in 1974 because of the Arab oil boycott(抵制). Now, 17 out of 89 districts use it.
In Custer, South Dakota, students have been going to school four days a week since 1995. Superintendent Tim Creal says the change has saved about one million dollars over just the past eight years. He sees other benefits, too. Students get more instructional time, and activities that used to take up class time are now held on non-school days. He says that in the future, the growth of online classes could make it possible to require even fewer days in school. High fuel prices are driving college students to take more online classes.
A four-day school week sounds like a great idea for students and teachers, but working parents may have to pay for child care for that fifth day.
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A．The increasing number of private tutors.(私人教師)
B．The development of teaching methods.
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D．The growth in the income of Americans.
小題2: It can be learned from the passage that______
A．students will be in school from Monday to Tuesday.
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D．Minnesota state has approved the four-day week plan
小題3:The passage is mainly about______
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared (培養(yǎng)). If an individual is handicapped (妨礙) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
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A．Intelligence and Environment
B．Measuring Your Intelligence
C．The Case of Peter and Mark
D．How the brain Influences Intelligence
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A．85B．125C．110D．100
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A．individual with identical brains seldom test at same level
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

My son loves video games very much. He spends hours every day playing video games in his room. Is there any redeeming（補(bǔ)償?shù)模〆ducational value to video games? Some seem like they could help him learn strategy. But I worry others may be too violent or numb（使麻木）his mind.
Cecilia
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Like a lot of aspects of raising kids, when it comes to video games, the healthiest approach is actually self-control.
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Try to keep the video game console（游戲機(jī)控制板）in a common area of the house, not your son’s room. That way you can catch any inappropriate content in the games he’s playing, and he’ll be in a position to interact with others in the house while he’s playing.
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Reviewed by：Mary L. Gavin, MD
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B．It always improves kids’ hand-eye coordination and problem-solving skills.
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D．Help their children develop other healthy hobbies such as sports and painting.
小題4:Which is the best title of this passage?
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The use of lotteries (彩票) to allocate (分配) school places is to be reviewed by the British government because more than 20 percent of children are failing to get into their first-choice schools in parts of the country.
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This week is admissions week, when about 570,000 families will receive notice about their child’s secondary school acceptance. As the recession (不景氣) forces more parents to consider a state education rather than a private one for their children, more than a third of local authorities have noted rises in the number of applications for secondary school places.
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In another London authority, Tower Hamlet, 71.1 percent of children were admitted to their parents’ first choice school. In Leeds and Warwickshire, 85 percent were successful. In Derby the figure was 81 percent, while in Wiltshire, Stockport and Lincolnshire, the figure was 89 percent.
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Lotteries are being used at the government’s suggestion by a small number of oversubscribed schools in around twenty-five local authorities. They were meant to prevent middle-class parents from abusing the system by buying or renting homes close to the best schools.
小題1:According to the passage, more and more parents in Britain prefer to send their children to _______.
A．a(chǎn) state schoolB．a(chǎn) private school
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B．Over one in five children fail to get into their first-choice schools in parts of Britain.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In my long years of teaching, I often ask my students to read the texts until they can recite them, and I tell them that recitation is an important part of their homework. However, some of my students are tired of doing so, thinking that it is both hard and useless. They argue that it takes a long time to recite a text from memory and text itself never appears in a test paper.
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Besides, many students complain that they soon forget what they were once able to recite. This is true, but you don’t need to worry. While you are reading and forgetting the texts, your language   level is being raised. Sure you don’t remember your Chinese texts that you once read in the primary school, but now you are able to read novels and newspaper. So, recitation of the texts will help you improve your language ability.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy．After all，you probably sing or whistle when you are happy．
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Do you know what a “territory” is? A territory is an area that an animal，usually the male，claims(聲稱(chēng))as its own．Only he and his family are welcome there．No other families 0f the same species(物種)are welcome．Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome．If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you，you might shout．Probably this would be enough to frighten him away．
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Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs．
You can see that birds have a language all their own．Most of it has to do with attracting mates and setting up territories．
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A．a(chǎn)n expression of happiness
B．a(chǎn) way of greeting
C．a(chǎn)n expression of anger
D．a(chǎn) way of warning
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B．An area which a bird considers to be its own
C．a(chǎn)n area for which birds fight against each other．
D．A place where a bird may shout at the top of its Voice．
小題3:Why do birds keep on singing at nesting season?
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D．Because their singing helps frighten outsiders away．

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

As a senior high school student, my future is always on my mind. To be exact,thoughts of the future have kept me up countless nights and made me worry enough to do poorly on more than one test. Because of this, words of wisdom are a source of comfort.Steve Jobs gave a speech to Stanford's graduating class in 2005 and his words resound repeatedly in my mind whenever I think about my future.
It started when l became a junior, when college came into view.  It's the first big step to making your life your own. So when Jobs discussed his life as a student, some fears were eased. He, too, felt the need to attend college to make something of himself. He faced what many are extremely afraid of: uncertainty. His lack of understanding caused him to stop attending college and focus on what he felt was important. His story had a happy ending, of course, since he certainly turned out well.
This doesn't mean that students shouldn't attend college, but rather that they shouldn't worry so much.  You'll get where you need to go, even if your path is a bit morewinding(蜿蜒的)than you'd like.
Jobs talked about the hardships in his work.  His love of his work helped him carry on and he got where he was meant to be, which restates the point: don't panic.One particular part of his speech stayed with me.  Steve Jobs quoted(引用)thc saying"Stay hungry, stay foolisll" and it has become my motto. Staying foolish is realizing thatyou are still a fool, no matter how much you've learned or experienced.  There is always more to explore. Staying hungry is wanting to find those things about which you are still uneducated.
Steve Jobs' level of success is possible to achieve, and I aim to prove that. With the will power to go into the world living every day like it's my last and allowing the future to take care of itself, I will do great things.  In the last moments of my life, I'll be proud of what I have done and hope to have all the wisdom a person could wish for.
小題1:The author felt worried when_____.
A．he had to take tests at school
B．he had lots of sleepless nights
C．he thought about his future
D．he searched for words of wisdom
小題2:It is suggested in Paragraphs l and 2 that_____
A．the author is a college student
B．the author cares much about his future
C．Steve Jobs failed because of his decision
D．Steve Jobs' words had no effect on the author
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A．Courage to drop out of school.B．Confidence in defeating Jobs.
C．Interest in computer industry.D．Bravery to face uncertainties.
小題4:What did NOT Steve Jobs encourage students to do in his speech?
A．Be content with what they know.
B．Have the desire to learn more.
C．Stay calm in the face of hardships
D．Be modest so as to learn more.
小題5:The passage is mainly about_____.
A．a(chǎn)n experience of a speech
B．a(chǎn) memorable meeting with Jobs
C．the most impressive quotation in life
D．the wisdom drawn from a speech

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