3．Suppose you become a leader in an organization．It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities．To do so，it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work．
Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer．Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved．For example，people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness，to expand their range of experiences，and to strengthen social relationships．If volunteer positions do not meet these needs，people may not wish to participate．To select volunteers，you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract．
People also volunteer because they are required to do so．To increase levels of community service，some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs．Unfortunately，these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor （e．g．，"I volunteer because it's important to me"） to an external factor （e．g．，"I volunteer because I'm required to do so"）．When that happens，people become less likely to volunteer in the future．People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must．
Once people begin to volunteer，what leads them to remain in their positions over time？To answer this question，researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time．For instance，one study followed 238volunteers in Florida over a year．One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions．Although this result may not surprise you，it leads to important practical advice．The researchers note that attention should be given to"training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience"．
Another study of 302volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view"volunteer"as an important social role．It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work．Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as"Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am．"Consistent with the researchers'expectations，they found a positive correlation （正相關(guān)） between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer．These results，once again，lead to concrete advice："Once an individual begins volunteering，continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity…Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity"．
61．People volunteer mainly out ofD．
A．a(chǎn)cademic requirements
B．social expectations
C．financial rewards
D．internal needs
62．What can we learn from the Florida study？B
A．Follow-up studies should last for one year．
B．Volunteers should get mentally prepared．
C．Strategy training is a must in research．
D．Volunteers are provided with concrete advice．
63．What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work？C
A．Individual differences in role identity．
B．Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts．
C．Role identity as a volunteer．
D．Practical advice from researchers．
64．What is the best title of the passage？A
A．How to Get People to Volunteer
B．How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C．How to Keep Volunteers'Interest
D．How to Organize Volunteer Activities．
分析 文章分析了志愿者為何自發(fā)地去服務(wù)社會(huì)，研究者通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：人們做志愿者工作主要是出于內(nèi)在的需求，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰@樣做，志愿者身份的認(rèn)可會(huì)激勵(lì)他們繼續(xù)從事志愿者工作．
解答 61．D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段的"people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness，to expand their range of experiences，and to strengthen social relationships．If volunteer positions do not meet these needs，people may not wish to participate．"可知，人們做志愿者工作主要是出于內(nèi)在的需求，故選D．
62．B 推理判斷題．根據(jù)第四段最后一句的"…training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience"可知，志愿者應(yīng)該從心理上做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，故選B．
63．C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第五段第二句中的"those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work．"可知，志愿者身份的認(rèn)可會(huì)激勵(lì)他們繼續(xù)從事志愿者工作，故選C．
64．A 主旨大意題．文章開始假設(shè)你是一個(gè)組織中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，很可能想得到志愿者的幫助，并指出在此之前必須弄清志愿者為什么會(huì)自發(fā)地去服務(wù)社會(huì)，并通過三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究志愿者的意圖．所以選項(xiàng)A如何讓人們?nèi)プ鲋驹刚呤亲詈玫臉?biāo)題，故選A．
點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是社會(huì)文化類閱讀，考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力．做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確選擇．在做推理判斷題時(shí)不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．
