Question

【題目】Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing.However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry Ⅳ， King of France, was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long－lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbour ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first－time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫學(xué)家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.

【1】The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because ____.

A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment

B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in

C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths

D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease

【2】Which of the following best describes Henry Ⅳ's attitude to bathing？

A. Afraid. B. Curious.

C. Approving. D. Uninterested.

【3】How does the passage mainly develop？

A. By providing examples.

B. By making comparisons.

C. By following the order of time.

D. By following the order of importance.

【4】What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？

A. To stress the role of dirt.

B. To introduce the history of dirt.

C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.

D. To present the change of views on dirt.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

試題文章大意：本文為議論文。介紹了不同時(shí)期人們對(duì)污垢的不同理解以及持有的不同態(tài)度。過去人們認(rèn)為污垢有助于保護(hù)皮膚抵御疾病，所以拒絕洗澡。而現(xiàn)在免疫學(xué)家聲稱污垢有利于加強(qiáng)人的免疫系統(tǒng)，并且有一定的依據(jù)證明此觀點(diǎn)。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一、二、三、四句可知當(dāng)時(shí)的人們認(rèn)為洗凈污垢會(huì)使疾病侵入，而浴室更是疾病容易傳播的地方，所以英法國王下令關(guān)閉公共浴室，這樣可排除 A、B、D，而 C 項(xiàng)正確。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的最后兩句可知法國國王 Henry Ⅳ因身體臟而出名，聽說有位貴族洗澡后，就下令禁止這位貴族外出以防止疾病的入侵�？梢酝茢嗨麑�(duì)洗澡的態(tài)度是恐懼的。A：恐懼；B：好奇；C：贊同；D：不感興趣。選A

【3】推理判斷題。通讀全文，從 16 世紀(jì)早期人們認(rèn)為污垢有利于抵御疾病，到 18 世紀(jì)人們從科學(xué)的角度認(rèn)為洗凈污垢有利身體健康，再到現(xiàn)今人們對(duì)污垢的態(tài)度又有所不同可以看出文章的寫作是以時(shí)間為順序的。選C

【4】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段的“there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt”和最后一段的第一句“Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.”可以看出作者寫這篇文章的目的是要呈現(xiàn)不同時(shí)期的人們對(duì)污垢的不同態(tài)度。選D