Question

Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin (荷爾蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently.

"Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others. But men lend to be competitive. They are trying to improve their social status," said Professor Ryan.

Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and

our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions (互動) such as falling in love or giving birth.

But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.

Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship. Professor Ryan's recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37. Half of the participants（參與者）received oxytocin. The other half received placebo (安慰劑).

After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went tlirough the same procedure with the other material.

Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.

The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, men's ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.

Professor Ryan thus concluded: "Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors (因素) that are mainly hormonal."

1.What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?

A. Placebo.                              B. Oxytocin.

C. The gesture.                     D. The social status.

2.What can we learn from Professor Ryan's previous experiment?

A. Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.

B. Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.

C. Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others' success.

D. Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people's behavior differences.

3.Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?

A. To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.

B. To know the differences between friendship and competition.

C. To know people's different abilities to answer questions.

D. To test people's understanding of body language.

4.The author develops the text by______.

A. explaining people's behaviors                   

B. describing his own experiences

C. distinguishing sexual differences       

D. discussing research experiments

 

Answer 1

1.B

2.C

3.A

4.D

【解析】

試題分析: 本文屬于議論文文體。作者在文中提出荷爾蒙催生素對男女行為的不同影響：女性非常友善，善于交際，而男性更具有競爭意識，努力去提高自己的社會地位。但是實驗也表明當人內(nèi)心產(chǎn)生比如嫉妒這樣的情緒情感時人體也會釋放這種荷爾蒙催生素。此外，作者還對一項實驗進行了詳細的介紹，以此來進一步證實這一觀點。

1.考查細節(jié)理解。通過文章首段Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin 可知對于男女的不同表現(xiàn)，oxytocin是造成這種差異的原因，答案選B。

2.考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容… found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy 可知當人們產(chǎn)生嫉妒這樣的情緒情感時人體也會釋放這種荷爾蒙催生素，由此可以判斷C選項內(nèi)容正確。

3.A考查細節(jié)理解。從文章末段的結論"Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to better distinguish different social interaction可知教授實驗的目的就是去測試荷爾蒙催生素對社會交際能力的作用，選A。

4.D考查推理判斷。在文章開頭作者提出荷爾蒙催生素在男女的不同表現(xiàn)中所起到的作用，也就是文章的中心話題，然后在下文中通過介紹幾個實驗及其結果來進一步對此看法進行證明，由此判斷作者的行為是故答案選D。本題容易誤選的答案為A“解釋人們的行為”，在文中作者對男女不同行為進行了介紹，但是題干問的是文章的行文發(fā)展方法，故A為錯誤選項。

考點：考查社會生活類短文閱讀。