3.一位90后的孩子在日記中寫(xiě)了如下一段話(huà):
請(qǐng)給我勇敢,改變可以改變的;就給我堅(jiān)強(qiáng),接受不可以改變的;請(qǐng)給我智慧,分辨這兩者。
請(qǐng)聯(lián)系自己或身邊的現(xiàn)實(shí),結(jié)合自己的思考寫(xiě)一篇作文,文體不限,不少于800字。
[寫(xiě)作提示]
這是一段發(fā)人深思的話(huà),說(shuō)出了90后發(fā)自?xún)?nèi)心的一個(gè)愿望。這個(gè)愿望是真誠(chéng)的。面對(duì)我們的生活環(huán)境,有很多是可以改變的,只要你努力;但有不少是個(gè)人的力量所不可改變的,你只能適應(yīng)。比如貧困,無(wú)論知識(shí)上的貧乏,還是經(jīng)濟(jì)上一時(shí)的窮困,經(jīng)過(guò)自己的努力,都可以改變,關(guān)鍵在于你自己。
寫(xiě)此題可根據(jù)自己的實(shí)際情況從“勇敢”、“堅(jiān)強(qiáng)”、“智慧”這三個(gè)詞語(yǔ)中選擇一個(gè),力求寫(xiě)得集中一些、深入一些。
命題作文
考前練兵:
“顯性”就是明白曉暢地呈現(xiàn)文章的主旨、情感和手法,“隱性”就是用暗喻、象征等手法隱晦地表達(dá)自己的傾向、觀(guān)點(diǎn)和意旨。鑒于高考閱卷老師每45秒鐘評(píng)判1篇作文的閱卷速度,他們對(duì)每一篇作文不可能從容不迫,細(xì)閱細(xì)品。為此,考生的臨場(chǎng)作文必須先“顯性”后“隱性”,在讓閱卷老師看“明白”后再看“微妙”。
江蘇高考作文閱卷組組長(zhǎng)何永康說(shuō):“高考作文,要多一點(diǎn)‘二鍋頭’,少一點(diǎn)‘碧螺春’!”這當(dāng)然是一種比喻,用寫(xiě)作的“術(shù)語(yǔ)”來(lái)說(shuō)就是:高考作文不像平時(shí)作文那樣,必須有很強(qiáng)的“視覺(jué)沖擊力”,要“該出手時(shí)就出手”,該扣題就扣題,該點(diǎn)題就點(diǎn)題,讓閱卷老師“無(wú)障礙”地一下子看穿,拍案叫好:而不要開(kāi)篇就“干呼萬(wàn)喚始出來(lái),猶抱琵琶半遮面”,把思想、情感、手法搞得云遮霧罩,玩“兜圈子”,玩“捉迷藏”,玩“隱形的翅膀”,都是高考作文的大忌,
“意段”就是作文在文意上的邏輯層次切分,而“字段”則是作文在卷面上的文字段落切分。二者的關(guān)系應(yīng)該是“字段”跟著“意段”走,以“意段”來(lái)調(diào)控“字段”。而考場(chǎng)上的實(shí)際現(xiàn)狀是:有的考生隨心所欲,想在哪切分一段就在哪切分一段:有的考生“以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變”,不管什么文章都搞成“三段論”(甚至“一段論”):有的考生記“流水賬”,“十八歲的天空”就寫(xiě)成十八段……
殊不知,閱卷老師在評(píng)分時(shí)最為關(guān)注的都是“意段”,層次切分的情理維度、邏輯推進(jìn)的技術(shù)含量是他們手中重中之重的評(píng)分砝碼。如果你的作文“意段”和“字段”不合拍,因卷面上的文字段落干擾、破壞了閱卷老師頭腦中正在“尾追”的語(yǔ)意邏輯層次,閱卷老師就會(huì)越看腦子越脹,越看心里越煩,越看眼睛越糊,“痛下殺心”就變成情理之中的事了,而且還“殺你沒(méi)商量”,因?yàn)樗小霸u(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”中“結(jié)構(gòu)混亂”的尚方寶劍在手。
“合格”就是作文合乎考生根據(jù)題意和內(nèi)容自選文體的要求,“風(fēng)格”就是作文彰顯考生自己選材、謀篇、手法、文彩等方面的個(gè)性。
高考作文必須“先‘合格’后‘風(fēng)格…,因?yàn)椤昂细瘛笔撬锌忌急仨氉袷氐奈捏w規(guī)范,也是高考閱卷“評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”中的法規(guī),如有違反,必定“要適當(dāng)扣分”,“四不像”作文更是“殺無(wú)赦”:而“風(fēng)格”僅是個(gè)體考生的寫(xiě)作個(gè)性,它被認(rèn)可的程度,還要看其是否“對(duì)‘評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)’的路子”“對(duì)閱卷老師的口味”,而這是“未知”的。先“合格”后“風(fēng)格”可謂‘‘一鳥(niǎo)在手”,分?jǐn)?shù)無(wú)憂(yōu):而先“風(fēng)格”后“合格”則是“一鳥(niǎo)在望”,分?jǐn)?shù)扶搖。
為此,廣大考生必須結(jié)合自身的寫(xiě)作特長(zhǎng),首先強(qiáng)化文體的“合格”訓(xùn)練,一定要做到“寫(xiě)什么是什么”,至少要做到“寫(xiě)什么像什么”,對(duì)高考閱卷專(zhuān)家對(duì)如下四種基本文體的特征界定尤須悉心揣摩。
“袖手”就是作文下筆前的審題和構(gòu)思,“疾手”就是作文下筆后的快速完篇。組織高考多年,每年都有考生“拍腦勺”“拍大腿”。何哉?考生驚呼:走題了,還有一個(gè)好素材漏寫(xiě)了,還有一個(gè)好手法漏用了……
“驚呼”根由何在?未能先“袖手”后“疾手”也。試想,文題匆匆一瞥,就一揮而就,焉能不出現(xiàn)“收筆方覺(jué)離題遠(yuǎn)”“東丟西落”等流弊?
高考驕子的成功秘笈告訴我們:要想“疾手”得自信、精確、完美,必先要“袖手”。要舍得用五分鐘的“袖手”時(shí)間,想透如下八個(gè)問(wèn)題:
① 文題中每句話(huà)的含義是什么?
② 文題的核心意旨是什么?
③ 我從哪個(gè)角度切入主旨?
④ 我寫(xiě)什么文體?
⑤ 我如何布局全篇(如“情節(jié)”“論層”等)?
⑥ 我在哪里設(shè)計(jì)亮點(diǎn)?
⑦我用哪些素材演繹主旨?
⑧ 我用什么手法呈現(xiàn)素材?
我們堅(jiān)信:“袖手于前,疾手于后”的考生,必能心中有譜,筆下生風(fēng),暢快淋漓,不留遺憾。
“常心”就是“平常心”,它有利于作文水平的穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮:“功心”就是“成功在此一舉之心”,它對(duì)作文水平的發(fā)揮有催化作用。
有位資深心理學(xué)教授指出:“在國(guó)際體操比賽中,運(yùn)動(dòng)員經(jīng)常發(fā)揮失常:如果他們能發(fā)揮出平時(shí)70%--80%的水平,就可能奪牌。”
高考作文也是如此,只有先“常心”后“功心”,考生才能不僅平穩(wěn)地發(fā)揮出自己作文的才氣、才思、才華,要觀(guān)點(diǎn)有觀(guān)點(diǎn),要構(gòu)思有構(gòu)思,信手拈來(lái),駕輕就熟,而且能夠達(dá)到“出彩發(fā)揮”的水準(zhǔn)。而“功心”為先的考生,往往處處追求匠心獨(dú)運(yùn)、別具一格、力拔頭籌、技?jí)喝悍,殊不知,在?jìng)爭(zhēng)異常激烈的“獨(dú)木橋”上哪能處處“心想事成”,結(jié)果“連平時(shí)怎么走路都忘了”,處處找不到感覺(jué),“超水平發(fā)揮”的美夢(mèng)落了空,“低水平草就”的現(xiàn)實(shí)反而成了真。
1.Do you mind if I ______with my work while you are getting tea ready? A.carry out e on C.carry on D.go over 2.Old memories are often ______ when you hear a particular song or a piece of music. A.called in B.called on C.called out D.called up 3.-- That’s a lovely dress. -- Do you think so? My aunt gave it to me for my birthday, but I don’t ____the color. A.interest in B.care for C.please with D.fond of 4.The folk song concert was so well ____that all the tickets had been sold out on the first day. A.accepted B.recognized C.received D.promised 5.The college is planning to offer more English courses to ___the needs of beginners of English. A.meet with B.meet C.supply D.satisfy with 6.He looked through as many daily newspapers as he could to ______ what they said about his latest book. A.hear of B.see to C.look up D.find out 7.Nowadays too many people are__their eyes __trade. A.turning ...on B.fixing ...to C.turning ...to D.fixed ...on 8.We had a good many anxious moment but everything __all right in the end. A.turned down B.turned on C.turned out D.turned to 9.Twenty people were expected, but only ten ______. A.turned round B.turned up C.turned out D.turned to 10.Some eighty years ago three-quarters of American production ____family farms or from business employing fewer than six people. A.made from B.kept from C.got from D.came from 11.The period ____dance classes increases gradually from two or three hours a day to five or six. A.referred to B.kept to C.got to D.given to 12.-- What did she ____so much money? -- Nothing but a necklace made of glass. A.spend on B.pay for C.buy for D.sell to 13.If we _______, we can realize the progress we have made. A.turn back B.look back C.answer back D.move back 14.After the meeting, I ____to write a report on our next term’s work. A.set about B.made off with C.set out D.set off 15.If you do not feel well, you should not ____going to see the doctor.? A.pick out B.give off C.put off D.make out 16.We must ____that our customs and habits aredifferent from theirs. A.keep in mind B.keep up with C.keep in touch D.keep to ourselves 17.I think the car will ___ till we get to the village. A.extend out B.go in for C.hold out D.hold up 18.The museum is ___in a park surrounded by a number of impressive buildings. A.blocked B.based C.occupied D.located 19.A good writer must __ect B.think C.join D.know 20.The gentleman does not ____the argument but watches the other guests. A.drop in B.fill in C.put in D.join in 21.Teaching a pronunciation class to a mixed group of learners can __ a teacher with many challenging problems. A.provide B.produce C.present D.offer 22.We want our children to know that hard work_____es off B.gives off C.pays off D.sees off 23.We can’t wait.We have to ____the direction and the distance before we take action. A.make out B.figure out C.think out D.turn out 24.It____to look after these naughty grandchildren of mine for a whole day. A.put me down B.drives me out C.wears me out D.pulls me through 25.We’ d better try to ____with the experiment, I think.Now let’ s ___ with it. A.go through;go on B.go on;go over C.go over ;go through D.go on;go through 26.The host stood at the door and ______ every guest a welcome. A.nodded B.dropped off C.shook D.moved 27.No one knows when XO was first discovered, or how it ___to be such a popular drink. A.went B.came C.got D.became 28.The Party Central Committee ____the Chinese people to work hard for the economic development. A.calls on B.calls up C.calls out D.calls for 29.We always ____we have said. A.lead to what B.see to what C.get to what D.hold to what 30.Don’ t forget to ____your things after you have finished your homework . A.set aside B.put away C.take away D.put into 31.The actor was so interesting that he___us laughing all the time when we were chatting. A.made B.keep C.had D.let 32.I can’t find my watch.I must have ____it in the hotel. A.lost B.missed C.left D.forgot 33.All of us still remember the terrible earthquake that____Tangshan twenty years ago. A.attacked B.struck C.knocked D.exploded 34.Being much too fat, the lady was advised to reduce her food for each meal, yet she would ___that. A.have none of B.accept C.take care of D.listen to 35.As director of the company, I can’ t ___three weeks away from work. A.carry B.cost C.afford D.pay 36.When I entered his room, I found him ____an armchair, deep in thought. A.sitting on B.sit in C.seated on D.seated in 37.The good service at the hotel ___the poor food to some degree. A.made up for B.saved up for C.took the place of D.turn out 38.His strength had almost __when they found him in the desert. A.given out B.given in C.given up D.given off 39.-- Your tie looks smart.It ___with your shirt perfectly. -- Thanks.I’m glad you like it. A.matches B.meets C.agrees D.goes 40.Anything that is dropped__towards the centre of the earth. A.fall B.falls C.has fallen D.is falling 41.Tom was a black slave and he at last ___the cotton farm to join the North Army. A.left B.escaped C.ran away D.fled 42.She had a nature that quickly ___the friendship of her classmates. A.made B.won C.caught D.seized 43.It takes a long time to ___a good fame, but this name is quickly lost but just one crime or piece of bad behavior. A.build up B.put up C.turn up D.set up 44.-- I’m ______ too much weight, doctor? -- I think you ought to go on a diet. A.putting on B.getting on C.carrying on D.living on 45.-- Will another fifty be enough? -- Just twenty will____. A.work B.do C.suit D.fit 46.His pale face ___a reluctant smile when he heard the news. A.came on B.was taken on C.took on D.turned into 47.Although the working mother is very busy, she still ___ a lot of time to children. A.devotes B.spends C.offers D.provides 48.The thing that__is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try it or not. A.matters B.cares siders D.minds 49.Your football team__ours on Sunday, but we__the game yesterday afternoon. A.beat;beat B.beat;won C.won;won D.won;beat 50.-- Can I help you? -- I’d like a room with a bath.How much do you? A.offer B.afford C.charge D.spare 參考答案及簡(jiǎn)析 1.C。carry on with sth.意為“繼續(xù)做某事”;carry out意為“實(shí)行,執(zhí)行”。 2.D。call up意為“使人想起;打電話(huà)”;call on 意思是“號(hào)召”;call in 有“收回,請(qǐng)來(lái)”等意;call out 有“出動(dòng),喚起,引起,大聲叫出來(lái)“等意。 3.B。care for 在這里是“喜歡”的意思。 4.C。be well received意為“很受歡迎”。 5.B。meet 在這里是“滿(mǎn)足,符合”的意思。 6.D。find out意思是“查清,弄明白”;see to 意思是“處理,負(fù)責(zé)”;look up意思是“查找(單詞等)”。 7.C。turn...to...在這里意思是“把……轉(zhuǎn)向……”。D有一定干擾性,可以說(shuō) fix one’s eyes on (upon) sth.,但語(yǔ)態(tài)不正確。 8.C。turn out 在這里意思是“證明是,結(jié)果是”,為連系動(dòng)詞;turn on 意思是“打開(kāi)”;turn to 意思是“參考,轉(zhuǎn)向,求助于”。 9.B。turn up 在這里是“出現(xiàn),露面”的意思;turn round 意為“轉(zhuǎn)身,轉(zhuǎn)變”;turn in 意為“上交”。 10.D。come from表示“來(lái)自于”。 11.D。given to dance classes為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于that was given to dance classes,意思是“分給舞蹈課的時(shí)間”。 12.C。表示花費(fèi)的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的搭配是這樣的:sb.spend some money on sth.; sb.pay some money for sth.; sb.buy sth.for some money。 13.B。look back在這里是“回顧”的意思。 14.C。set out to do sth./set about doing sth.意為“著手做某事”。 15.C。put off 在這里是“拖延,延期”的意思。pick out 意思是“挑選出”;give off 意思是“釋放,發(fā)出;”make out意為“制定出,理解,辨認(rèn)出”,因此其它答案不符合題意。16.A。keep in mind意為“記住”,空后的that 從句為keep的賓語(yǔ)。 17.C。hold out 在這里是“支持,維持”的意思。如:How long will the enemy’s food supplies hold out? hold up 意思是“舉起,支撐,阻擋”。 18.D。be located in,意思是“位于”。 19.A。本句話(huà)的意思是“一個(gè)好的作家必須把他所寫(xiě)的與周?chē)l(fā)生的事聯(lián)系起來(lái)。”join與to搭配,表示“連接”。 20.D。join in有“加入(到某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)中去)”的意思; drop in意思是“拜訪(fǎng)”;fill in意思是“填補(bǔ)”。 21.C。provide,present,offer 都有“提供”的意思。provide 意思是“裝備,供給(某物)”如:The villagers provided the guerrillas (游擊隊(duì)) with food; present 則表示“呈獻(xiàn)給某人(某種狀況)”;offer構(gòu)成offer sb.sth.或offer sth.to sb.的搭配。22.C。pay off 在這里意為“回報(bào)”;see off 意思是“給……送行”。 23.B。figure out 在這里有“計(jì)算出”的意思;think out意思是“想出”。 24.C。wear sb.out“使人筋疲力盡”。 25.A。go through with sth.意思是“做完,完成”;go on with 意思是“繼續(xù)”。 26.A。nod sb.a welcome意思是“向某人點(diǎn)頭表示歡迎”。 27.B。come to 在這里有“開(kāi)始”之意。 28.A。call on sb.to do sth.意思是“號(hào)召某人做某事”。 29.D。hold to 意為“堅(jiān)持(觀(guān)點(diǎn),理論等)”。本句話(huà)意思是“我們一直堅(jiān)持我們所說(shuō)的。" 30.B。put away意為“收起來(lái)”。 31.C。have/keep sb./sth.doing sth.意為“使某人(物)一直做某事”。B項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。32.C。表示“忘帶,遺留”,英語(yǔ)中要用leave,不可用forget. 33.B。表示自然災(zāi)害“侵害”了某地,可以用hit 或strike。attack表示“進(jìn)攻,襲擊”,多表示用武力進(jìn)攻;knock是“敲打”的意思。 34.A。have none of sth.意思是“不理睬;不接受”。 35.C。afford意思是“負(fù)擔(dān)得起(時(shí)間或金錢(qián))”。 36.D。seat為及物動(dòng)詞,作賓補(bǔ)用seated(相當(dāng)于sitting);(坐)在有扶手的椅子上,用介詞in。 37.A。make up for 意思是“彌補(bǔ)”。本句的意思是“賓館優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)在一定程度上彌補(bǔ)了不好的飯菜! 38.A。give out在這里為不及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“用完,耗盡”;give in 意思是“屈服,投降”;give up意思是“放棄”; give off 意思是“釋放,發(fā)出”。 39.D。go with在這里是“與……相配”的意思;match 也有此意,但match 為及物動(dòng)詞;agree with 有“與……相適應(yīng)“的意思,因此不合題意。 40.B。描述客觀(guān)事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 41.D。escape,run away 都有“逃脫”的意思,后需加from。 42.B。win在這里是“贏(yíng)得,獲得”的意思。 43.A。build up 有“樹(shù)立,逐步建立”的意思,其賓語(yǔ)可以是表示榮譽(yù)、名望等的名詞。put up 意思是“(具體的)建造”,其賓語(yǔ)為房屋、橋梁、道路等;set up多指組織、單位、機(jī)構(gòu)的建設(shè)。 44.A。put on weight 意思是“發(fā)胖,增加重量”。 45.B。do 在這里的意思是“行,可以,起作用”。又如:“What do you want for your birthday?” “Anything will do.” 46.C。take on 在這里是“呈現(xiàn)”的意思。 47.A。C項(xiàng)有較大干擾性。offer sth.to sb.意思是“提供某物給某人”;devote one’s time to sb./ sth./doing sth.意思是“把時(shí)間用在某人(某事或做某事上)”。 48.A。matter在這里的意思是“有關(guān)系,要緊”。D項(xiàng)有一定干擾性。mind的意思是“在意,在乎”,其主語(yǔ)是人。 49.B。win和beat分別是“贏(yíng)”,“擊敗”的意思,但 win 的賓語(yǔ)是比賽,而不可以是對(duì)手;beat 的賓語(yǔ)是對(duì)手。 50.C。charge 在這里是“收費(fèi)”的意思。offer提供;afford支付得起;spare空出(時(shí)間,金錢(qián)),因此其它答案不合題意。
14.答案示例:②蠟燭的燃燒 ③蠟燭的特殊作用(評(píng)分:4分。每空2分,其中“蠟燭的特殊作用”沒(méi)有“特殊”一詞扣1分) 15.脂蠟(牛羊脂蠟) 石蠟(評(píng)分:2分。每框1分) 16.作比較。(1分)突出說(shuō)明了三根棉線(xiàn)編制成的燭芯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。(1分) 17.②生日宴會(huì) 吹熄蠟燭希望夢(mèng)想成真(大意對(duì)即可)(1分) ③洞房花燭夜 祝福新人白頭偕老(1分)
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