2.　 There is certain to be something wrong with the engine.

　 = It appears / is certain that there is something wrong with the engine.

　　 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)一定是出了毛病。

1.　 There used to be a grocery store on the corner. 以前在這個(gè)街口有家雜貨店。

4.　 There had been many such accidents before you came. 你來之前就有過很多起這樣的事故。

3.　 ---Have there been any letters from Jack lately? 近日有杰克的來信嗎？

---No, there hasn’t. 不，沒有。

2.　 There will be a meeting this evening. 今晚有個(gè)約會(huì)。

1.　 There is someone at the door to see you. 門口有人找你。

(五)There be 結(jié)構(gòu)

(四)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

一) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成： 名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞； 名詞(代詞)+形容詞； 名詞(代詞)+副詞； 名詞(代詞)+不定式； 名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構(gòu)成�！� 二) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)： 　1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。 　2)名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。 　3)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開。 舉例： 　The test finished, we began our holiday. 　= When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 　考試結(jié)束了，我們開始放假。 　The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 　= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 　總統(tǒng)被謀殺了，舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 　Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.　 　如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。 This done, we went home.　　 　工作完成后，我們才回家。 　The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.　 　會(huì)議結(jié)束后，每個(gè)人都想早點(diǎn)回家。 　He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵凍壞了。 　He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 　他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館。

三) With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨(dú)立主格

表伴隨時(shí)，既可用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 　with +名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語 舉例: He stood there, his hand raised. 　 = He stood there, with his hand raise. 典型例題 　The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。 A. being tied　 B. having tied　C. to be tied　D. tied　 　答案D. with +名詞(代詞)+分詞+介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時(shí)，其主語常常用with來引導(dǎo)。由于本句中名詞"手"與分詞"綁"是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞，選D.　

注意: 1) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)使用介詞的問題： 　 當(dāng)介詞是in時(shí)，其前后的兩個(gè)名詞均不加任何成分(如物主代詞或冠詞)，也不用復(fù)數(shù)。但 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制 　 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.　 　 ( hand前不能加his)�！　　� 2) 當(dāng)表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時(shí)，及物動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分 詞，不及物動(dòng)詞用過去分詞。 　 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 典型例題： 　Weather___, we'll go out for a walk. 　A permitted　 B permitting　 C permits　 D for permitting 　 答案B. 本題中沒有連詞，它不是復(fù)合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗號(hào)，且we 小寫，可知其不是兩個(gè)簡單句。能夠這樣使用的只有獨(dú)立主格或with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。據(jù)此判斷，本句中使用的是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)， 其結(jié)構(gòu)為：名詞+分詞。 由于permit在這里翻譯為'天氣允許'，表主動(dòng)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，故選B。 　 如果不會(huì)判斷獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的形式，不妨將句子改為條件句，例如本句改為If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后將if 去掉，再將謂語動(dòng)詞改為非謂語動(dòng)詞即可。

　1-10CBDDBABCAB　 11-20CBABCBDADC

21-30DABCBBDAAB　 31-40DACCBBADBD　 41-50ACBDADCAAD

3) 復(fù)合句(Complex Sentences)：包含一個(gè)主句從句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子叫復(fù)合句，從句由從屬連詞或關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，例如：

　The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我們女排贏得冠軍的消息大大地鼓舞了我們所有人。(名詞性從句)

A man who doesn't learn from others can't achieve much.一個(gè)不向別人學(xué)習(xí)的人是不能有多少成就的。(定語從句)

The film had begun when we got to the cinema.(狀語從句)

　　　主句　　　 從句

　我們到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候，電影已經(jīng)開演了。

(三)倒裝©英語論壇 -- 　_}V), 1 全部倒裝 是將句子中的謂語全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。jUw99B 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。bd 　 There goes the bell.　 Then came the chairman.　 Here is your letter.CCi{r 2) 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。=sA) 　Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.　Ahead sat an old woman.- 　注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。HL 　 Here he comes.　 Away they went. m'q/S 2 部分倒裝 　將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。7a 句首為否定或半否定詞語，no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。3 　Never have I seen such a performance.　Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Zp Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。 注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝�！� I have never seen such a performance. 　典型例題　 /P 1)　----Why can't I smoke here?　----At no time___ in the meeting-roomb A. is smoking permitted　 　 　 　 B.　smoking is permittedjZ%3 C. smoking is it permitted　 　 　 　 D.　does smoking permit 　L; 答案A. 正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.IzW1c 2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.`Y.SS 　A. man did know　 B. man know　 C. didn't man know　 D. did man know<4g 　答案D.　正常語序?yàn)�，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 　f39 3 以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝 |{vfr6 　如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… thanKbL 　 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.? 　 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.fzp 　 No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 　典型例題4'h_5 No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.isE^C A. the game began　B.　has the game begun 　 C. did the game begin　 D.　had the game begun(:b 答案D. 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時(shí)，一般采用倒裝句(謂語前置)。E~8U9 注意：只有當(dāng)Not only… but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Not only you but also I am fond of music. "RO7DJ 4 so, neither, nor作部分倒裝 　 　表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒裝�！　�% 　Tom can speak French. So can Jack.　If you won't go, neither will I. 　 典型例題 　---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? 　---I don't know, _____.62 　A. nor don't I care　B. nor do I care　C. I don't care neither　D. I don't care also\9xo*F 答案：B. nor為增補(bǔ)意思"也不關(guān)心"，因此句子應(yīng)倒裝。A錯(cuò)在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不對(duì)且缺乏連詞。 D缺乏連詞。,?Nlvv 注意： 當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為"的確如此"。(q 　 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 　 　 　

---It's raining hard.　---So it is. X 5 only在句首要倒裝的情況 G94HN Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.v6-4 如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. ] 6 as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 kKn 　as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 (形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前)。Fz((G@ 注意： 1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。&h> 　　 2) 句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語和狀語, 隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語之前。　 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.in 注意:讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。s 7 其他部分倒裝 EQp 1)so… that 句型中的so 位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.>\ 2)　在某些表示祝愿的句型中：　May you all be happy.A-IsO 3)　在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動(dòng)詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。　 Were I you, I would try it again. 　 典型例題：Qf 1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is　[^\U A. man did know　 B. man knew　 C. didn't man know　 D. did man know

答案為D.&|Y 2) Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.　 N> A. didn't I realize　B. did I realize　C. I didn't realize　D. I realize

答案為B。{6m) 3)　----Do you know Tom bought a new car?　----I don't know, ___.l.z7 　A. nor don't I care　 B. nor do I care　 　

C. I don't care neither　D. I don't care also5of> 　解析：答案為B.　句中的nor引出部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝句，表示前一情況的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。 ULLPf@

50. ＿＿＿you go,you should bear the motherland in mind.

　 A. WhereB. Whenever　

　 C. However　 D. Wherever