3. -Can I join the club, Dad?

　 -You can when you _____ a bit older.

　A. get　　 　　　　　　　　 B. will get　　 　　　　　　　 C. are getting　 　　　　　 D. will have got

2. I don’t really work here. I _____ until the secretary arrives.

A. just help out 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. have just helped out　

C. am just helping out　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. will just help out

例1、More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year.

　　 A. sent　　　　　　　　　 B. were sent 　　　　　　　　 C. had sent 　　　　　 D. had been sent

答案：B

[解析] be sent abroad 被派往國外。

例2、By the end of last year, another new gymnasium_________ in Beijing.

A. would be completed　　　 　　　　B. was being completed

C. has been completed　　　 　　　　D. had been completed

答案為D。

[解析]如：by意為“到……為止”。by后加過去時間，主句用過去完成時，如by后加現(xiàn)在時間，用現(xiàn)在完成時，如by后加將來時，主句要用將來完成時。by the end of last year常與過去完成時連用。表示到過去某個時候前已完成的動作。

例3、When and where to go for the on-salary-holiday_________ yet.

A. are not decided　　　 　　　　　　B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided　　　 　　　　D. has not been decided

答案為D。

[解析]　 根據(jù)副詞yet可確定用現(xiàn)在完成時，可排除A、C；不定式，動名詞及從句作主語，謂語動詞按單數(shù)處理，when and where to do sth.表示單數(shù)，要用has not been decided。

例4、He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _______from the university next year.

A. will graduate　　　　　　　 B. will have graduated

C. graduates　　 　　　　　　　　D. is to graduate

答案為C。

[解析]　 “by the time”后接定語從句，省略了關系副詞when。在這種定語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。譯文：到明年他畢業(yè)之前，已經(jīng)學了八年英語。

例5、Rainforests _______and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.

A. cut　　　　 B. are cut 　　　　C. are being cut　　　　 D. had been cut

答案為C。

[解析]　 這句話的意思是“雨林正在以那么快的速度被砍伐和燒掉以至于在不久的將來它們將會消失�！睆木渥拥恼Z境they will disappear from the earth in the near future可以判斷，要用被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進行時。表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事對將來可能造成的影響。

例6、How I wish every family _______ a large house with a beautiful garden!

A. has　　　　 B. had　　　　 C. will have　　　　 D. had had

答案為B。

[解析]　 wish后接從句常用虛擬語氣，表示這只是說話人的一種愿望。具體用法：如果從句中動作與現(xiàn)在事實相反應用過去式，與將來事實相反用would/could+動詞原形；與過去事實相反用過去完成式或would/could+have done。譯文：我多么希望每個家庭都住上帶有漂亮花園的大房子�！�

例7、The new suspension bridge ________ by the end of last month.

A. has been designed　　　　　　　 B. had been designed

C. was designed　　　　　　　 　　　D. would be designed

答案為B。

[解析]　 在含有by引導的表示過去意義的時間狀語的句子中，謂語動詞要用過去完成時。譯文：到上月為止已完成了吊橋設計�！�

例8、-How are you today?

-Oh , I__________ as ill as I do now for a very long time.

A．didn't feel　 　B．wasn't feeling　　　 C．don't feel　　　 D．haven't felt

答案為D。

[解析]　 現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去的某個時候開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。從句子的意思可知，從過去某個時候開始，已經(jīng)病了很長時間了�！�

例9、-Hey, look where you are going!

-Oh, I'm terribly sorry. ________.

A. I'm not noticing　　　　　　　　 B. I wasn't noticing

C. I haven't noticed　　　　　　　 D. I don't notice

答案為B。

[解析]　 表示剛才沒有注意到，要用過去進行時。一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性的動作；現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去所做的事對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或從過去某個時候一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，即現(xiàn)在也沒有注意到；現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作，這三個時態(tài)顯然不符合句意。

例10、A new cinema _______here. They hope to finish it next month.

A. will be built　　　 B. is built　　　 C. has been built　　　 D. is being built

答案為D。

[解析]　 根據(jù)They hope to finish it next month.說明電影院還在建設之中，所以從時態(tài)上講是進行時；另外從語態(tài)上講為被動語態(tài)�！�

第三節(jié)　　 鞏固練習

Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.

1. Mary _____ a dress when she cut her finger.

　 A. made　 　　　　　　　 B. is making　 　　　　　　 C. was making　 　　　　 D. makes

5、get常與marry, beat, break, tear, hurt, repair, dress, pay等動詞的過去分詞連用，構成被動語態(tài)，一般指動作的結果。

例如：These workers got paid by the hour.

The little baby got quickly dressed.

4、不及物動詞及部分由不及物動詞構成的短語不用于被動語態(tài)。常見的詞和短語有：appear, rise , die , happen , occur , lie , belong to , break out , take place等。

例如：This book belongs to him.

A fire broke out last night.

3、某些動詞在表示主語特征和性質(zhì)時為不及物動詞，但在表示動作時為及物動詞。常見的此類動詞有：wash , write , sell , read , open , cut , lock , shut 等。 The clothes he bought yesterday washes well.

2、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時都表示動作發(fā)生于過去，但現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)結果， 一般過去時強調(diào)動作。

例如：-Have you been to the Great Wall ?

-Yes , I have .

1、有些表示狀態(tài)、情感、感覺的動詞沒有進行時。例如：be , like , want , love , hear, wish , hope等。

例如：I hope he will come back soon.

第二節(jié)　　 實戰(zhàn)演練

(三)被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)

(1)　　　 一般現(xiàn)在時　　

構成：助動詞am/ is/are + 動詞的過去分詞

例如：This kind of car is made in Shanghai.

　　　 English is spoken in many countries.

(2)　　　　　 一般過去時

構成：助動詞was/were + 動詞的過去分詞

例如：The bridge was built in 1992.

　　　 Was this novel written by his father?

(3)　　　　　 一般將來時

構成：will be 或be going to + be + 動詞的過去分詞

例如：These books are going to be posted tomorrow.

　　　 The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital.

(4)　　　　　 現(xiàn)在完成時

構成：助動詞have/has + been + 動詞的過去分詞

例如：Has his work been finished?

　　　 We haven’t been invited to the party.

(5)　　　　　 現(xiàn)在進行時

構成：be + being + 動詞的過去分詞

例如：A new bridge is being built in my hometown.

　　　 The problem is being discussed by the students.

補充說明：帶有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)

構成：情態(tài)動詞 + be + 動詞的過去分詞

例如：Can this walkman be repaired here?

Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.