考點(diǎn):數(shù)列的應(yīng)用
專題:證明題,導(dǎo)數(shù)的綜合應(yīng)用,點(diǎn)列、遞歸數(shù)列與數(shù)學(xué)歸納法
分析:求a=2,3時(shí)函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù),判斷f(x)的單調(diào)性,得到ln(x+1)>
(x>0),ln(x+1)<
,(0<x<3),再利用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法即可證明不等式.
解答:
證明:當(dāng)a=2時(shí),函數(shù)f(x)=ln(x+1)-
的導(dǎo)數(shù)
f′(x)=
-
=
≥0,
此時(shí)函數(shù)f(x)在(-1,+∞)上是增函數(shù),
當(dāng)x∈(0,+∞)時(shí),f(x)>f(0)=0,
即ln(x+1)>
,(x>0),
當(dāng)a=3時(shí),f(x)的導(dǎo)數(shù)為f′(x)=
,由f′(x)<0,得0<x<3,
即有f(x)在(0,3)上是減函數(shù),
則當(dāng)x∈(0,3)時(shí),f(x)<f(0)=0,ln(x+1)<
,
下面用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法進(jìn)行證明
<a
n≤
成立,
①當(dāng)n=1時(shí),由已知
<a
1=1,故結(jié)論成立.
②假設(shè)當(dāng)n=k時(shí)結(jié)論成立,即
<a
n≤,
則當(dāng)n=k+1時(shí),a
n+1=ln(a
n+1)>ln(
+1)>
=
,
a
n+1=ln(a
n+1)<ln(
+1)<
=
,
即當(dāng)n=k+1時(shí),
<a
k+1≤
成立,
綜上由①②可知,對(duì)任何n∈N
•結(jié)論都成立.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題主要考查函數(shù)單調(diào)性和導(dǎo)數(shù)之間的關(guān)系,以及利用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明不等式,綜合性較強(qiáng),難度較大.