由原點(diǎn)O向三次曲線y=x3-3ax2(a≠0)引切線,切點(diǎn)為P1(x1,y1)(O,P1兩點(diǎn)不重合),再由P1引此曲線的切線,切于點(diǎn)P2(x2,y2)(P1,P2不重合),如此繼續(xù)下去,得到點(diǎn)列:{Pn(xn,yn)}
(1)求x1;
(2)求xn與xn+1滿足的關(guān)系式;
(3)若a>0,試判斷xn與a的大小關(guān)系,并說明理由
解:(1)由y=x
3-3ax
2(a≠0)得y′=3x
2-6ax
過曲線上的點(diǎn)P
1(x
1,y
1)的切線L
1的方程為
y-(x
13-3ax
12)=(3ax
12-6ax
1)(x-x
1)
又∵切線L
1過原點(diǎn)O,-(x
13-3ax
12)=(3ax
12-6ax
1)(x-x
1)化得x
1=
(2)過曲線上的點(diǎn)P
n+1(x
n+1,y
n+1)處的切線L
n+1方程為
y-(x
n+13-3ax
n+12)=(3x
n+12-6ax
n+1)(x-x
n+1),
L
n+1過點(diǎn)P
n(x
n,y
n)得x
n3-3ax
n2-x
n+13+3ax
n+12=(3x
n+12-6ax
n+1)(x
n-x
n+1),
由于x
n≠x
n+1,分解因式并約簡,得:x
n2+x
nx
n+1+x
n+12-3a(x
n+x
n+1)=3x
n+12-6ax
n+1∴x
n2+x
nx
n+1-2x
n+12-3a(x
n-x
n+1)=0
(x
n-x
n+1)(x
n+2x
n+1)-3a(x
n+x
n+1)=0
∴x
n+2x
n+1=3a
(3)由(2)得:x
n+1=-
x
n+
a,
∴x
n+1-a=-
(x
n-a)
故有數(shù)列{x
n-a}是首項(xiàng)為x
1-a=
,公比為-
的等比數(shù)列
∴x
n-a=
,
∴x
n=[1-
]a
∵a>0,
∴當(dāng)n為偶數(shù)時(shí),x
n<a;當(dāng)n為奇數(shù)時(shí)x
n>a
分析:(1)由y=x
3-3ax
2(a≠0)求導(dǎo)得直線的斜率,設(shè)出過曲線上的點(diǎn)P
1(x
1,y
1)的切線L
1的方程,再由切線L
1過原點(diǎn)O求解;
(2)不妨設(shè)過曲線上的點(diǎn)P
n+1(x
n+1,y
n+1)處的切線L
n+1方程為y-(x
n+13-3ax
n+12)=(3x
n+12-6ax
n+1)(x-x
n+1),由L
n+1過點(diǎn)P
n(x
n,y
n)代入方程,化簡可得其關(guān)系;
(3)由(2)的結(jié)論有x
n+1=-
x
n+
a,通過配方轉(zhuǎn)化為x
n+1-a=-
(x
n-a)有數(shù)列{x
n-a}是首項(xiàng)為x
1-a=
,公比為-
的等比數(shù)列求得x
n=[1-
]a再比較.
點(diǎn)評:本題主要考查導(dǎo)數(shù)的幾何意義通過點(diǎn)在線上,構(gòu)造數(shù)列模型考查數(shù)列變形轉(zhuǎn)化及通項(xiàng)間的關(guān)系.